Support Children And Young People - 1931 Words

Support children and young people to have positive relationships 1.1 Identify the different relationships children and young people may have There are many different relationships that children develop as they grow, babies know that they cry to get attention from their parent for food or just a cuddle this is the beginning of learning to build relationships. Every child and family are different in how they believe relationships should be made and who children are allowed to talk to or be around so everyone is different when it comes to who they trust or get along with. Relationships children and young people may have are: parental, carer, sibling, family, friendship, emotional, acquaintance and professional. 1.2 Explain the importance of positive relationships for development and wellbeing The quality of relationships that we as practitioners have with children and young people has a huge effect on the way in which we can work with them and help them. When children feel comfortable with us they can separate more easily from their parents, they are more likely to participate in the play and learning activities if they are secure emotionally. When children have a strong relationship they are less likely to show unwanted behaviour as we can recognise and meet their needs, children’s language may develop more quickly as they feel confident talking to us. Practitioners can plan more accurately as they understand children’s developmental needs and know their interests and whatShow MoreRelatedSupport Children and Young Peoples Health and Safety1226 Words   |  5 PagesCU1521- Support children and young people’s health and safety. 1.1 Describe the factors to take into account when planning healthy and safe indoor and outdoor environments and services. The factors that you would need to take into account include * Individual needs depending on their age or abilities, for example a child of two years may not be able to do the physical things of a child who id five years old. So you would have to set out different activities for different ages. *Read MoreSupport Childrens and Young Peoples Health and Safety2173 Words   |  9 PagesUnit D6011696: Support Children and Young People s Health and Safety. . Learning Outcome 1: Understand how to plan and provide environments and services that support children and young people’s health and safety. 1.1 In order to ensure a safe and healthy environment and services for children/young people there are some factors which need to be taken into account. These include any equipment which they will be in contact with, such as electrical equipment, anything which may pose a fire riskRead MoreSupport Children And Young People s Positive Behavior1327 Words   |  6 PagesSupport children and young people’s positive behaviour LO 1.2 Describe with examples the importance of all staff consistently and fairly applying boundaries and rules for children and young people’s behaviour in accordance with the policies of the setting. When working with children it is important that they know what is expected of them, therefore all staff should apply the same boundaries and rules for any particular class or age group. It would not be viable to create a separate set of rulesRead MoreSupport Children and Young People to Have Positive Relationship2795 Words   |  12 PagesCYPOP 14: SUPPORT CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE TO HAVE POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP 1. identify the different relationships children and young people may have âž ¢ Parents, siblings and extended family       âž ¢ Friends, enemies       âž ¢ Doctors, dentist, LAC nurse       âž ¢ Social workers       âž ¢ Teachers/tutors       âž ¢ Carer’s Explain the importance of positive relationships for development and well-being (Learning outcome 1.2)       âž ¢ Children’s welfare can be properly monitored.       âž ¢ Children are givenRead MoreCHCCHILD404B - Support the rights and safety of children and young people920 Words   |  4 PagesGive support to the child by demonstrating that you believe their story Provide comfort, verbally and agreed appropriate physical contact Do not express negative suggestions such as judgement, doubt or shock Be honest Be professional as possible Let them talk at their own pace, no interruptions, silence Make notes that are relevant to the situation Tell the child it’s not their fault and they did the right thing by tell someone Tell them it is never okay for adults to harm children Let themRead MoreContribute to the Support of Positive Environments for Children and Young People2098 Words   |  9 PagesCU1513 – Contribute to the support of positive environments for children and young people 1.1. Describe what is meant by a positive environment? Whatever age group or setting you are working with, you must plan an environment that encourages the development of the whole child. First of all you think about the different settings that children and young people aged 0-16 years may experience. These settings have both indoor and outdoor physical spaces that need to be consideredRead MoreEssay on Support Children and Young People`S Health599 Words   |  3 Pagesthe policy for their own file. 4.1 Explain the policies and procedures of the setting or service in response to accidents,incidents,emergencies and illness. The policies and procedures of the setting relevant to promoting children’s and young peoples positive behaviour covers a range of six sectors these are †¢ Behaviour policy †¢ Code of conduct †¢ Rewards and sanctions †¢ Good behaviour Behaviour policy Is a guideline to all staff on how pupils behaviour should be managed. It isRead MoreSupport Children and Young People at Meal or Snack Times2300 Words   |  10 Pages When it is snack or lunchtime, the children is asked to visit the toilet as well as to wash their hands, before coming to the table for their meals, in an orderly fashion. The setting used meal and snack times to encourage the children to develop independence through making choices, serving food and drink and feeding themselves. To protect children with food allergies, sharing or swapping of food between children are discourage. Staff joins the children during lunch, and tries to make the occasionRead MoreUnderstand How to Support Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People.669 Words   |  3 PagesUnderstand how to Support Positive Outcomes for Children and Young People. Bii) a) The importance of designing a service that responds to the needs of the children and young people†¦. Why it is important to When working with Children is it always important to design a service to meet all their needs. So that they feel comfortable in their surroundings and independently develop. Services that have been put in place are good for the benefit for the Children when they start at a new Nursery. TheseRead MoreMu2.8 Contribute to the Support of the Positive Environments for Children and Young People906 Words   |  4 PagesMU2.8 Contribute to the support of the positive environments for children and young people 3.1 Explain how to effectively care for children and young people’s skin, hair and teeth In every setting it is essential that children’s learning curriculum for personal care covers their skin, hair, teeth and overall personal hygiene. When teaching about skin, children and young people should be encouraged to wash their hands after using the toilet or before eating. We should also encourage them to wash

Comparative Management - 6809 Words

Comparative management 1st chapter 1) What do you mean by comparative management? Comparative management is the identifying, measuring and interpreting the similarities’ and differences among managers behavior, techniques followed and practices applied as found in various countries .... J.R Terry Comparative management defined as studying and analysis of management in different environments and the reasonss that enterprises show different result in various countries..... Knootz and Weihrich The main theme is_ Identify, masseure and interpreate the various countries management procedure. 2) Difference between comparative management and international management. 1) Comparative mgt in a border concept. It deals with†¦show more content†¦Selling tacties very according to customer and market situations. 2. SUPPLIERS: Every organization buys inputs-raw materials, services, energy, equipment and labor-from the environment and uses them to produce output. Advances in inventory control and information processing have also changed supplier relationships. Some companies keep zero inventory, relying on several â€Å"just-in-time† deliveries each day. 3. GOVERNMENT: The doctrine of laissez-faire, developed in the eighteenth century, holds that a government should exert no direct effects on business, but should limit itself to preserving law and order, allowing the free market to shape the economy. By the beginning of the twentieth century, however, abuses of business power led the U.S. government to take on the role of â€Å"watchdog,† regulating organizations to protect the public interest and ensure adherence to free-market principles. 4. SPECIAL-INTEREST GROUPS: Special-interest groups (SIGs) use the political process to advance their position on a particular issue such as gun control, abortion or prayer in the public schools. 5. CONSUMER ADVOCATES: The modern consumer movement dates from the early 1960s, with President Kennedy’s announcement of a â€Å"Consumer Bill of Rights† and Ralph Nader’s crusade against General Motors corsair. One framework for understanding the consumer movement isShow MoreRelatedComparative Management1497 Words   |  6 PagesComparative Management â€Å"Develop an Organization’s expansion- real estate Development company in India† Shang-Ching Yeh MGMT-705 Spring 2011 Term Project Dr. Dalton Grady ------------------------------------------------- Table of Contents Introduction Situation Analysis Creating New MarketEnvironmentCultural ProfileCommunicationEntry StrategyStructureOverseas OperationStaffing policyLeadership and Motivational SystemConclusionReferences | | 344566778891011 | ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreA Comparative Literature Review On Knowledge Management834 Words   |  4 PagesCETM11 A Comparative Literature Review Paper 1 1. What is the research/telling question or questions? Knowledge Management In Project Environments, is the title of this paper. The paper is basically talking about the importance of the Project Management Knowledge, also known as, PKM, that is increasingly popular within temporary organisations such as handling a project or managing a company of a particular industry. Also, the challenges of knowledge management in project environment are that thereRead MoreAchievement Of Aims Essay988 Words   |  4 PagesWhen answering the gist question, in what way has the woman’s life changed since she started working at home, Victoria cited the example of â€Å"feel less tired† (comparative structure), Lisa mentioned, â€Å"have more sleep†. Stage 3 Learners were able to guess the meaning of most of the , and find out examples of sentences using the comparative structure in the listening script. The key words and present perfect progressive structure, as well as the connected speech of phrasal verbs (cut off) are alsoRead MoreComparative Analysis of Business Analysis and Business Process Management Capabilities6455 Words   |  26 PagesA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS ANALYSIS (BA) AND BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT (BPM) CAPABILITIES Paul Mathiesen, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, p.mathiesen@connect.qut.edu.au Wasana Bandara, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, w.bandara@qut.edu.au Houra Delavari, Faculty of Science and Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, h.delavari@qutRead MoreComparative Management Practices in China and the West1518 Words   |  7 PagesComparative Management Practices in China and the West It is true to say that globalisation is a two-way street. As international business and trade continue to grow, models of organisations and approaches to management are beginning to merge; nevertheless it remains imperative for firms to understand and govern across the myriad of cultural differences which still exist. These differences seem most apparent in China, where managerial values are deeply rooted in archaic and powerful culture. SomeRead MoreRecruitment and Selection: Comparative Management (Recruitment and Selection Process) Between American-Style and Japanese-Style3666 Words   |  15 Pagesof origins. Among the popular ones are management practices from two of the world’s largest economies by nominal GDP: the United States of America (hereinafter the US) and Japan (Wikipedia, 2007). Both these countries are often being compared in many aspects, especially in business, because multinational companies such as General Motors and Microsoft from the US, and Toyota and Sony from Japan have been successful through their contrasting styles of management, as they originate from different cornersRead MoreA Comparative Analysis Of Management Systems Between Linux1375 Words   |  6 Pages A Comparative Analysis of Management Systems between Linux and Windows Operating Systems The purpose of this paper is to make a comparative analysis of Linux and Windows Operating Systems. The version of Windows that I want to concentrate primarily on is Windows 32 bit x86 systems. The question could be asked, â€Å"Why are the two operating systems different?† or, â€Å"what is fundamentally different about the operating systems?† The way to go about answering that question is to look at their differencesRead MoreThe Strength of Competitive Analysis905 Words   |  4 Pagesmacro and micro phenomena. In this paper, we attempt to review the different perspectives on The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition by Hunt Morgan. As well as the new light that the theory brings to competition environment and its differences from the neoclassical competition theory, the limitations of the proposition will be discussed. A NEW APPROACH TO COMPETITION: Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition (CATC) Hunt and Morgans CATC is drawn on the evolving resource-basedRead MoreAdvantages Of Industrial Policy From The Infant Industry1548 Words   |  7 Pagesstories and the importance of the infant industries. Main Text †¢ Comparative advantage Comparative advantage refers to the unique growth opportunities that each individual country possesses. Thirlwall states, â€Å"Countries will specialize in the production of those commodities in which they have a relative cost advantage, as determined by natural or acquired resources endowments†. Exploiting these comparative advantages will decide whether a country can climb out of poverty into an industriousRead MoreInternational and Comparative Human Resource Management3048 Words   |  13 PagesPLANNING 5.5 JOB ANALYSIS 5.6 STAFFING 5.7 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 5.8 REMUNERATION 5.9 PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT 5.10 EMPLOYEE/INDUSSTRIAL RELATIONS 5. CONCLUSION 6. REFERENCES INTRODUCTION Human Resource Management (HRM) refers to the management function within an organization concerned with recruitment, management, and provision of direction for the people who work in the organization. According to Heathfield (2013) effective HRM enables employees

Behavioral Learning Theories Applied Free Essays

Behavioral Learning theories Applied Education is quite the central focus in our current society. As the economy advances, education becomes of greater importance and our student’s future is strongly dependent on their educational opportunities. As many theorists have proven, there is no one way of teaching that targets an entire audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Behavioral Learning Theories Applied or any similar topic only for you Order Now Instead, every child has their own unique learning style that they respond best to. Any educator that takes on the responsibility of teaching must familiarize themselves with the different approaches so they observe the â€Å"No child left behind† act and fulfill their duty as a teacher. The many different approaches to learning include Behavioral, Social Cognitive, Information Processing, Constructivist, and Brain-based. The behavioral approach is concerned primarily with measureable and observable aspects of human behavior (Good Brophy, 1990). Behavioral learning theories focus on the ways in which pleasurable or unpleasant consequences of behavior change individuals’ behavior over time and ways in which individual model their behavior on that of others (Slavin 2006). The emphasis is put on responses to experiences, especially reinforcement and punishment, as determinants of learning and behavior. The 4 prominent behaviorist and key players in the development of the behaviorist theory, that I like to relate to, were Watson, Pavlov, Thorndike, and Skinner. Pavlov’s main interest was physiology but it was the Classical Conditioning theory that made him so famous. Classical Conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Both Thorndike and Skinner- although differently expressed- delved into the formulation of Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning is a learning methodology that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. An association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior through operant conditioning. Skinner’s theory of Operant conditioning basically explains how we acquire our range of learned behaviors that we exhibit. If an individual’s behavior is immediately followed by pleasurable consequences, the individual will engage in that behavior more frequently (Slavin, pg. 137). The relationship between the behavior and its consequences is what later a learned behavior becomes. Skinner mentions reinforcement, punishment, extinction and rewards as the mechanisms for his theory. All of these responses have a time and place where its effectiveness is at its peak. Knowing our students, knowing ourselves, knowing the situation, and knowing what we want our outcome to be will help us determine which approach to use. As maintained by the above behaviorists, our behaviors change in accordance to the immediate reaction/consequence. These immediate reactions are the secret weapon that teachers should master for optimal success in the classroom. A teacher can observe and take note of the various responses her students respond best to. A teacher should constantly be asking herself â€Å"What serves as a motivation or reinforcement for this particular student to do well†? â€Å"Does the student utilize the Expectancy Theory†? The theory of motivation is based upon the belief that people’s efforts to achieve depend on their expectations of reward, or do they lean towards achievement motivation; the tendency to strive for success and to choose goal oriented, success/failure activities? There are countless responses that can work to motivate our students. Although some students seem naturally enthusiastic about learning, many need that extra motivational factor to help them with their studies. Psychologists define motivation as an internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior over time (Murphy Alexander, 2000; Pintrich, 2003; Schunk, 2000; Stipek, 2002. ) As a student, I was often motivated to do especially good work when I felt the teacher doubted my capabilities. I practiced the quote â€Å"I do it because I can, I can because I want to, I want to because you said I couldn’t†. That really pushed me to do well. It may have been a childish but it worked for me. Personally, I had a hard time doing well under reinforcements be it negative or positive. The lack of consistency and the time lapse between the action and response never worked for me. If I were to utilize a token system or any other system (I. E. praise, charts etc.. ) I would review the pros and cons very carefully. I feel that employing such methods carelessly can produce destructive results. Observing a second grade class, I noticed the teacher exercising very harsh consequences to eliminate behaviors. Indeed, her classroom was always spotless, and quiet. The student did not dare misbehave or not know their work for fear of punishment. Ultimately, these students lived in fear. They disliked the teacher, they disliked learning, and whatever they did learn was just to avoid punishment. Were they motivated to behave? Indeed. They were afraid of the consequences. Was the atmosphere an optimal learning environment? Most definitely not! It was at that point that I understood that employing Behavioral Learning Theories do not always produce favorable results. When I was a short term substitute teacher, I had the opportunity to visit many classrooms over the period of a few months. When I entered the classroom with an air about myself and dressed well, the students automatically received the initial dose of motivation to behave and to please. I then continue to hold their interest by teaching in an unconventional manner or in any way that they are unaccustomed to. Teaching unconventionally is fairly simple in one of the schools I substitute. The simplicity of the teaching style has not changed from 20 years ago. The teachers use the same old text-books, they practice â€Å"one teaching style fit all† methodology, just one teacher for the entire class, etc. When I enter a class, I ask them to rearrange their chairs so they are sitting in a semi-circle or in groups depending on the lesson. As the lesson continues, I try to avoid giving extrinsic motivation unless I feel the absolute need. I try to make the actual lesson the incentive. I praise after inquisitive questions and seem genuinely happy with correct responses. It’s an aura that a teacher needs to create that will infuse a sense of ‘wanting to do well’, most frequently by the desire to please. I have frequently observed many teachers successfully pair less desired behavior with desired behaviors for great results which is referred to as the Premack Principle (Premack, 1965). One incident stands out in my mind when a third grade teacher told a student that if he completes his homework, he will be able to remove his name from the â€Å"completed homework† sign outside the classroom. The teacher explained to me, that this particular student dislikes the fact that his name is up on the board, so she pairs doing homework with the favorable act of removing his name. Having his name on the board was supposed to be a reinforcement for doing homework, however Slavin mentions that if the behavior does not increase or decrease in frequency with the reinforcement than it is not necessarily a reinforcement (Slavin, 143). Behavioral Learning Theories are quite established and they are useful in changing behaviors. It is important to acknowledge however, that the theory has its limitation. Mainly, because of its focus on observable behaviors, other more abstract and conceptual learning remains unspoken. However, Social Learning theory helps bridge the gap between the behavioral and cognitive prospective (Slavin, pg 159). —————————————————————————————————————————— Appendix: 1)Slavin, R. E. (2006). Educational psychology: Theory and practice (8th ed. ). Boston: Pearson. 2)Premack, D. (1965). Reinforcement theory. In D. Levine, Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln: Univeristy of Nebraska Press. How to cite Behavioral Learning Theories Applied, Essays

Australian Engineering Practice Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Australian Engineering Practice and Skills. Answer: Engineering is the use or the application of knowledge which can either be scientifically acquired, socially acquired or even practically acquired purposefully to come up with new design or to an extension improve on the existing structures and design.it is a field that is broad and involves various engineering disciplines. Basically, as an engineer, the expectations that primarily come to mind is to be able to critically think of new design or improving on the existing ones so that the various problems within the society are solved. Hence, the knowledge learnt in the university is a reflection of the expected outcome of an engineer(American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011, p. 643). The perspective of engineering remains the same both in the university and the real world since the expectation remains the same. However, there are new roles that one expects to play was an engineer in Australia which includes maintaining the technical competences, precisely solving the various challenges in the society and also enhancing great effectiveness at work. There are various competencies one needs to have to be an engineer including eligibility for membership and also immigration assessment .as an engineer, some of the values that I would add in the engineering field are professionalism, integrity, teamwork and also innovation(Frankline, 2014, p. 975). An expert is someone that has a sustained experience in a particular field of practices or professionalism. Generally, one is considered an expert when the person has a vast knowledge or skills pertaining to a particular matter of discussion. It is derived from experience in that it is a direct function of time and also depends on the quickness of the person in question. (Ronnie, 2011, p. 543). Reading through books and journals in various engineering helps one to acquire knowledge pertaining to engineering as a profession and also to develop some of the core values that are needed in life such as teamwork and integrity. Innovation helps one to understand the importance of teamwork which helps one to take a short time to learn some particular concept rather than working on it alone which ends up consuming time and also one may not be able to completely perform a particular task within the stipulated specifications. This directly starts from the various group projects that are provided in class(Ludden, 2008, p. 346). Listening, seeing and reading are very key in engineering. Listening helps one to understand various concepts. Seeing helps one to be able to identify various problems within the society. It also helps one to be able to critically reason out on how solutions can be computed. On the other hand, reading is equally significant since it makes one be more knowledgeable and also gain new concepts that he or she was not aware of. The process used when carrying out a research is a qualitative and quantitative analysis that involves both collections of data and reading past articles on the subject under discussion. This helps one to understand the concepts and be able to write them down or explain the various process in own words. After doing a research, the noted down findings are electronically stored through computers in a paraphrased language. Paraphrased language involves first comprehending the concept and the various aspects involved and then noting them down in own understanding(Pearson, 2007, p. 735). Collaboration is one of the key factors for success in every organization. This is because all the members will be able to participate and share ideas on particular areas. There are various skills that are gained as one grows particularly teamwork and commitment. It becomes one of the major challenges more so with a teamwork whereby you will realize that some of the team members are not cooperative and also not committed in terms of handling certain things. Thus it sometimes becomes a demoralizing factor Engineers Australia Stage 1 Competencies is based on three particular issues or competencies which defines its importance as described below. It helps to identify whether a person has the professional knowledge and the skills required for the engineering practices. Besides, stage one competency helps to determine whether a person possesses the professional and persona; attributes that are essential for engineering practice A situation that occurred once was when giving instructions to fellow teammates in a hockey sport. This came as a result of rules that had changed and were due to be effected on an upcoming tournament. The situation was not difficult as the team members had learned to cope with new rules and were always flexible and dynamic. The were no difficulties during issuing of the instructions Collaboration helps to achieve best results within a precise duration. It makes work easier and also saves on time since the contrary which is a bit of resistance slows down a process. Collaboration entails some behaviors which have been observed from great collaborators such as understanding, integrity and also patience(Nottingham, 2009, p. 622). After the review of the various skills and attributes, I can comfortably award myself a 4 star in my various skills and attributes. In particular, the skills that I feel competent in include listening, integrity, teamwork and also honesty. Conversely, there are some skills that I have not fully attained more so teamwork since I experience some challenges to do with handling my fellow team members there always arises issues relating to commitment Taking Thomas Edison as one of the engineers that greatly had a positive impact on the society by coming up with the first commercial light. This was a light bulb that had many attributes including possessing a durable incandescent material and a highly resistant filament material. This he was to achieve after a series of tests without giving up. Presently, credits are still rewarded to Edison after successfully helping to bring a solution to the earlier situation of darkness. Apart from the various technical skills, one factor that comes out in Thomas Edison is commitment and the urge to provide a solution. Besides, Edison was patient and ensures that quality time is applied on the project thereby coming up with a solution that is appreciated up to now(Johnstone, 2009, p. 772). Projects vary in size but what matters is the success of any project. Thus there are some aspects that ensures that a project is properly managed. These include Strategic planning, Communication, Resources and the various personnels that will be involved in the success of the project (Brasier, 2008, p. 643). A project needs that quality time is dedicated towards it to ensure its success. It involves the various stages of proper planning else it may not meet a certain deadline and end up being untrusted. Personally, I am good at managing my time since I always complete my tasks within the stipulated deadline. My best behaviors in terms of time management include completing my tasks on time and also always being updated(Kazi John , 2012, p. 352). However, I do find a challenge when managing my time due to a spirit of perfectionism whereby I would tend to ensure that all my answers and tasks are perfect hence this makes me spend much time on the tasks. Engineering Mind mapping This refers to the visual representations and techniques that are applied by both designers and engineers for the purposes of expressing and generating ideas. It generally deals with ensuring that all the ideas that an engineer has been placed down in a piece of paper to enable the person plan well before embarking on the engineering task(Johnstone, 2009). The tools that are required to perform an engineering mind mapping are very simple and easy to acquire. They include pen and a notebook. The process of engineering mind mapping entails placing the main idea or them in the middle part of a paper and then embarking on the generation of ideas .the ideas are placed just sketchily since there is no order and thus the persons doing the mind mapping just write down anything that comes up in his mind. They may be informed of drawings, comments, questions, material listings a, statements among others as long as they are related to the central topic. Besides, there are no word limits hence the engineer should write everything that comes at the back of his mind. Thereafter the designer or the engineer should be able to link these thoughts together by interconnecting the graphics, pictures and the words(Pearson, 2007). This technique does not necessarily mean that it can only be written by the engineer or the designer starts to design. There are no limitations hence it can be written down at any stage of the process of design. One is able to do the kind mapping at the start in order to generate the problem that needs a solution and also at the middle of the task to generate other possible ways of providing the solution. It is most preferred to be done when one feels like emptying the thoughts that one has or when an engineer or a designer is stuck in the middle I the design process. Below are examples of the mind map. It can also be applied in every aspect of life even in the day to day making of decision.it also helps in making one be more creative as it will give room for expression and expansion of the thoughts that a person has(Johnstone, 2009). References American Society of Civil Engineers, A. I. o. C. E., 2011. Engineering Solutions for Sustainability: Materials and Resources. 3rd ed. London: John Wiley Sons. Edward F. Crawley, J. M. S. . D. R. B. K. E., 2014. Rethinking Engineering Education: The CDIO Approach. 1st ed. new york: Springer Science Business Media. Harding, R., 2011. Environmental Decision-making: The Role of Scientists, Engineers, and the Public. 2nd ed. Chicago: Federation Press. Daniel A, 2017. Effective Communication at Work: Say what you mean and get what you want. 1st ed. Chicago: 50Minutes.com. Ludden, M., 2008. Effective Communication Skills: Essential Skills for Success in Work and Life. 2nd ed. Westminister: JIST Publishing, Nottingham, U. o., 2009. Sustainability Engineering. 1st ed. Nottingham: University of Nottingham. Pearson, N., 2007. FCS Professional Engineering Practice L4. 2nd ed. Pretoria: Pearson South Africa. Stephen Johnston, J. P. G. W. J. K., 2009. Engineering and Society: Challenges of Professional Practice. 2nd ed. Carlisle: Prentice Hall,