Prevalence of Dementia and Alzheimers Disease in Elders

Introduction: Background to the topic Dementia Dementia is one of the most common diseases that affects the elderly and requires substantial healthcare structures to be placed thereof. Another disease that is commonly found amongst the elderly is Ð lzhÐ µimÐ µrs disease. Both these are found to be significantly common amongst the aged people in the world. The treatment and medication of this disease is Ð ° costly affair and can keep on increasing if the disease continues to grow (Alvarado-Esquivel et al, 2004). It is important to note though that the number of people becoming victim to this disease vary based on Ð ° number of factors. According to Ð ° recent research conducted for the spread of dementia in the United States recorded a total of 10% of the elderly in the population (i.e. those aged 65 or above) to be experiencing symptoms of or severe cases of dementia. The overall percentage for Ð lzhÐ µimÐ µr disease was recorded to be in the roundabouts of the two-third percentage of the total cases available for the elderly as well. On the other hand, the statistics of the older people suffering from this illness in China are recorded to be as high as nearly 3.49% for those suffering from dementia and 1.85% for those suffering from Ð D. Apart from these two major countries, the results of the elderly in the European population suffering from this disease are 6.4% for those suffering from dementia and 4.4% for those suffering from Ð D. The aged people are found to become victim t oShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of The Elderly1582 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as â€Å"epidemic† and â€Å"crisis† (Rahilly, 2013, para. 1) about the elderly to instill a sense of urgency in the reader. The main purpose of the article is to discuss new studies that will likely improve early diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer’s diseases and dementia, and Rahilly’s use of emotive terms is extremely successful in promoting the target audience to read the entire article. In addition to the use of emotive terms, Rahilly includes statistics to demonstrate the importance of improving researchRead MoreElderly Abuse Issues1420 Words   |  6 Pagescohort, including elderly abuse, dementia, and polypharmacy, while preventative strategies and recommendations addressing these issues will be offered. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines abuse towards seniors as, a single, or repeated act, or lack of appropriate action, occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust which causes harm or distress to an older person (World Health Organization, 2017). The mistreatment of elders can take on many forms including financialRead MoreEssay on Dementia in Elder Adults1870 Words   |  8 PagesDementia is the most feared and distressing disorder of later life. This essay will give an overview of dementia followed by the most common types of dementia. The essay will cover the nursing assessment and the interventions. Issues relating to sleeping disorders will be identified and it will also explore the care required in relation to these sleeping problems for an older patient / client suffering from dementia, as well as patient and carer advice. Analysis of Dementia Overview The termRead MoreThe Extensive Effects of Alzheimer’s Disease 2480 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Alzheimer’s Disease is one of the most common causes of death in the United States, and one of the most detrimental to families around the nation. This disease affects millions of people and brings a large financial burden upon the people who give support to the affected. 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Many have stated that because of their age, frailness leaves them vulnerable to society. The majority depends on their caregiver to meet their basic need because they cannot help themselves. According to the 1985 Elder Abuse Prevention, Identification and Treatment Act, elderly abuse is defined as â€Å"willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation or cruel punishment with resulting physical harm or pain or mental anguish or the willful deprivationRead MoreDementia And Delirium Effect On A Person Is On The Rise1393 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to case studies, the rate at which both dementia and delirium can affect a person is on the rise because of the increasing population worldwide (McCrow, Sullivan, Beattie, 2014). Older adults are one of the fastest growing populations in the world. The first baby boomers (born between 1946 and 1964) turned 65 in the year 2011 (McCrow, 2014). With the increasing population of elders, there is also an increase in incidence of delirium. Up to 36 percent of aged people admitted to healthcareRead MoreThe Facts and Figures of Alzheimers are Presented in the Educational Video, Alzheimers Association2046 Words   |  8 Pages The facts and figures of Alzheimer’s are clearly delineated in an educational video presented by Alzheimer’s Association. The public service announcement states: that 5 million Americans have been diagnosed with the disease, by 2050 the prevalence of this disease could triple, that there are more then 15 million caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s and dementia and that those care givers provided over 17 billion hours of unpaid care (alz.org, 2014) These facts give momentum to the importanceRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Prominent Health Issue3029 Words   |  13 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is one of the most prominent health issue in older adults. In fact, more than 35 million people are diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease worldwide. (D’Aoust, Brewster, Rowe, 2013) Of these individuals, a good portion are taken care of by at home caregivers. These caregivers can described by husbands, wives, mothers, and fathers. â€Å"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive illness characterized by impaired cognition, loss of ability in instrumental and basic activitiesRead MoreCaring With Poor Pain Management And Barriers Towards Proper Care3954 Words   |  16 Pagespaper focuses on a situation involving a patient with poor pain management and barriers towards proper care as well as the resolutions to an ethical dilemma in which a nurse experiences a conflict regarding a cognitively impaired patient. Question of elder abuse also became involved in regards to decisions made by family members along with the patients activated health care proxy. The areas of focus include a review of the literature, a five part analysis of the clinical dilemma, a description of the

Board Members Free Essays

C) The new management is becoming very aggressive with the adoption new accounting policies and financial reporting. The management is starting to take greater risk and adopt new revenue recognition policies. They believed the previous year’s policies were too conservative and inappropriate. We will write a custom essay sample on Board Members or any similar topic only for you Order Now The new management is placing higher priority on short-term performance rather than long term. The reason behind these major changes is due to the excessive pressure on management. Everyone in the management knows that they have to show an increase in the profit of the organization, or they will also lose their jobs, just like the previous management. Thus they are adopting various new accounting policies and are concentrating heavily on the short term results. This may make the company look good from the externally for a short term. However it is very likely that the numbers on the financial statement are not be accurate. The short term success of the company does not help them internally, there are many things that the new management is changing that may not be healthy for the company. The new management also indicated that the past process of determining the accounting estimates were â€Å"overly Conservative† a new method of accounting estimating is being introduced. The new method of the accounting estimates will also affect the financial statements, because it will most like overstates assets and understate the liabilities. Thus achieving the short-term goals of the management. The company’s accounting functions are decentralized, and the operating management does not sign off the reported results, they are reviewed by the CFO and CEO before being released. The needs to be changed, the reports should be signed off by the operating management because they are closer to the operations of the company. They have the knowledge and the expertise of that part of the company, the CFO and CEO are at the top they may not be able to understand what the numbers on the reports mean. The operating management can read the reports more precisely as they are the ones who are working in that particular area, it is easier for them to catch errors and frauds. The employees that prepare the statements may be overstating the numbers on the reports to show that they are achieving the required performance levels. e) The organization has great controls over the segregation of employee duties. Authority and responsibilities are assigned in a â€Å"formal, written manner†. Employees are aware of what their daily duties are and they understand their responsibilities. The company even has written job descriptions for employees and their supervisors, and these job descriptions contain specific instructions related to controls and responsibilities. The company has given significant amounts of authority to the supervisors, so they can monitor the day to day activates of the employees and make sure they are following the company policies. The organization also does a good job making sure that the supervisors do not overstep their reasonable boundaries. This is done by giving different level employees different type of authorities. Thus the organization has successfully distributed adequate amount of responsibilities to their employees and management. How to cite Board Members, Papers

Emerging Strategies Green Marketing India â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Emerging Strategies Green Marketing India? Answer: Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze how a sporty SUV car that is powered by only electricity would be appropriate for this market in todays world. It is seen that in these days the vehicles that run by electricity has a good market due to various reasons. It is seen that the continuous extraction of natural resources of earth will leave humankind with nothing within a couple of decades and for that, it is very important to commercialize the electrically powered vehicles in a rapid manner for the benefit of all. In this report, an appropriate marketing plan for this kind of a car is provided and the advantages and disadvantages of launching this type of vehicles are mentioned in this report. As it is seen in todays market the decreasing natural resources has becoming a serious issue day by day, mans tendency to depend on the electrically charged vehicles is seen as a current trend. It is seen that manufacturing vehicles run by the power of electricity is a very inexpensive process and it is due to the increase in both gas prices and ecological awareness, pure electric cars have become increasingly popular throughout the United States. In todays market, it is not common to see hybrids and electric cars on the road. With the Model S, the company is the one of the first companies to market a fully electric luxury sedan (Tyagi, 2013). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the per capita income of the average American citizen has slowly risen in the past four years from $28,374 to $28,829, creating a seemingly favourable market for luxury items like the Model S. In addition, government subsidies on electric vehicles have allowed the organization to retain more of their profits as they continue selling cars. However, in places like Texas, the company has been met with challenges hindering their sales and performance. New legislation has been able to stop Tesla from legally selling as well as advertise. Overall, the government subsides, rising environmental awareness, and increases in income provides this particular organization an external environment that will have a positive effect on its market (Driscoll et al., 2013). in spite of the positive external market, this companys Model S is in unswerving competition with other luxury sedans from cars such as the Mercedes Benz S Class, the Audi R8, and the BMW 7 Series. Mercedes was initially founded in 1901, followed by Audi in the year of 1904, and then BMW joined in 1927 (Al-Alawi Bradley, 2013). In contrast, the company was founded back in 2003, making it the trainee while Mercedes, Audi and BMW are veterans of the automobile market. However, as the market is highly specific, the rivalry is reserved. Due to the depleting petroleum supply and rising prices, the electric car market is becoming very attractive and expanding very fast. With an increasingly striking alternative Automobile engineering, the threat of new entrants into the electric car industry is very high. Established car manufacturers are able to produce high capital investments and avoid the financial obstacles by creating electric vehicles. For making, car-manufacturing companies are hi ghly dependent on the accessibility of raw materials; thus, the power of the suppliers is high. In contrast, the bargaining power of buyers is modest. The organization is responsible for supplying manufactured cars for companies like Nexa and Toyota, who have strong bargaining power. However, government incentives will give potential customers tax credit deductions if they become the owner of an electric vehicle that create a high demand and keeps the buyers bargaining power lower (Erjavec, 2012). Marketing Objective: The marketing campaign constitutes of three marketing objectives. These are: Positioning of the model at a specific sedan market Raising awareness and educating the customers pertaining to the usage of e-vehicles to ensure sustainability in the usage of cars The ensure a significant portion of the buyers in the market Financial Objective: Following is the financial objective for the discussed marketing plan: Revenue Growth Ensuring and Extending Profit Margin Sustainable Business Practices Creating a solid plinth for return on investment SWOT analysis Strength The car is fuelled by only the power of electricity, it will be generally accepted to many people who are aware of the over use of natural resources. The best part of this particular car is that though this is fuelled by electrical energy, there is no lag seen in the performance of the car, like any other contemporary electric cars in the market of automobile market Weaknesses There are several issues regarding the competitive factors. It is a matter of fact that there are some contemporary organizations with high brand value in automobile industry and thus they can pose some serious issues later on. Some veteran organizations sell advanced automobiles than other vehicle companies. Opportunities It is seen how awareness regarding over usage of natural resources are rising these days, thus, it can be said that, this is might be the right time for the organization to showcase their new innovative unique ideas to the world and step forward and become a reputed organization in automobile industry. Threat Many business leaders, if notice that this particular organization is doing good business, can step forward and try to venture in this market, and in that case, as a newcomer in the market, with lesser capital or reputation the organization can lag behind. This can become a major threat in no time and the management of this company has to consider this threat in every step in future. Threat of new entrants Looking at the lucrative business it is possible that many business leaders can come up with uniquely engineered vehicles that can run without natural resources. If any organization comes up who has the capability to bankroll such a huge project then they can pose some real threat for the organization (Erjavec, 2012). Bargaining power of the suppliers The car manufacturing business is immensely dependent on the supplies they get from the market. It is possible that looking at their profitability the market suppliers can demand for better prices and this can possess a moderate threat for the organization (Dill Rose, 2012). Bargaining power of the buyers It is possible that buyers can ask for some reduced price for the vehicles they are buying, but looking at the popularity of the vehicle, it can be seen that this cannot be a potential threat for the company. Threat of substitute It is possible that some big reputed organizations can try to venture in this new business and this can be seen as a major threat for the organization (Erjavec, 2012). It is a matter of fact that in todays market, the company has many rival high profile companies in the market who are into car manufacturing business and they are Mercedes, Hyundai, B.M.W, Ferrari, Honda and many more. Looking at the lucrative business strategy if these companies steps in, that can be a huge problem for the organization, as they do not have the brand value that these organizations already have in the market (Cherubini, Iasevoli Michelini, 2015). Mission The main mission of the management of the organization is to secure the natural resources of the mother nature for the benefit of all and apart from that they intend to contribute majorly in lowering the excess carbon particles from the biosphere so that individuals can at least breathe in peace (Daziano Chiew, 2012). Marketing mix strategy: Marketing mix is the plethora of the basic marketing structure and the strategies depended on the specific market structure. This has to be taken into certain consideration pertaining to the fact that this has to be taken into certain consideration. The organization takes a very appealing and perilous approach to marketing, as it take prides itself regarding having no promotional campaign (Daziano Chiew, 2012). According to editor for Advertising Age, instead, the company depends on a pull advertising policy, choosing to rely on the media vehicles such as social media, many blog forums, and word of mouth in order to promote their products. The corporation goes as far as having Musk write in the organizations blog on the companys website to anticipate forthcoming products and technologies to look forward to (Ou et al., 2017). Marketing mix, according to Jerome McCarthy, has four different categires. These for categories are segmented as the followings: Product Price Promotion Together they are called the 4-Ps. It is highly significant for the purpose of driving the marketing strategy into proper execution. Product: The product is a tangible one. In this context, the model propelled by Philip Kotler pertaining to the five product levels has been taken into consideration. According to Kotler, there are five levels of a product that is approached to the customers. These are approached to them through product marketing tools. This specific product is the tangible one. The core benefit of the product is that it would save the cost of petrol and focus on the sustainability of the environment. The generic product is the quality of engine, its luxurious looks and trendy model. The expected product is going to be its strength on the road and the capacity of the engine that would guide it to become a quality product. The augmented product is the additional facilities that the customers would receive both as drivers and as the back sit passengers or the riders. The quality is the cosiness and elixir inside the cars. As a potential product this would focus on its newer version of heavy engine facility with low chargeable battery (Al-Alawi Bradley, 2013). Price: With premium pricing strategy, the company is going to focus on the overall market capture. Depending on the targeted customers, the price of the product has been set. The strategy involves the usage of higher price point. The customers would pay relatively higher price keeping in account the positive structural criteria of the cars. However, for the promotional purpose the first line customers would be offered a discount of $2500 at minimal level. The price range is going to be set at around AUD $ 40,000. Place: For the advertisement and marketing, both real and virtual places are going to be contemplated. For the advertisement of the car launch, places like rugby and football stadium would be targeted. Promotion: The promotional activity for the car is going to be specified with certain innovation. The promotional activity would be performed through social media and search engine optimization tools (Al-Alawi Bradley, 2013). It involves page and group creation in Facebook and LinkedIn and promotional video presentation in YouTube. In this regard, integrated marketing process would be strategized. The concern updates its social media promotions each month to let the target market know those any and all new changes and all the improvements to look forward to. For this reason, the organization does not errand promoting in any specific season, but rather promotes whenever there are any new products that can bring in a greater customer base. The most interesting selling point the company bases its intention on is presenting a zero emission SUV sports car. There are contemporary other manufacturers who offer electric fuelled vehicles; but, they carry a negative disgrace of weakness and under-perfor mance (Tyagi, 2013). They are the pioneer company to create a high performance car through new and revolutionary electric fuel technology. The best way to view at this companys vehicle is through its creative webpage, which allows addressees to learn about the various aspects and technologies through interactive explanation (Al-Alawi Bradley, 2013). The company does not pay for a conventional advertising strategy; they excel in creating a consumer buzz and producing very eye-catching results with their electric vehicle products. Implementation plan Strategic promotional tools Strategic promotional options Facebook Creation of business page and timeline sharing ( social media optimization) YouTube Video streaming and paid advertisements and I.M.C Twitter Brand endorsement by celebrities LinkedIn Business promotion and paid advertisements Google ads S.E.O Print media and television Paid advertisements Action plan Action Plan Time Rigorous marketing through social media sites and other digital media sites 2 to 3 months Creating sense of brand awareness within the market 4 to 6 months Increasing the product awareness 6 to 9 months Creating sustainable growth plan 12 to 15 months Focus on getting the highest revenue. 15 months onwards Conclusion Thus to conclude, it can be said that manufacturing a SUV car that will run by the energy of electricity is a groundbreaking innovation and no other contemporary organizations have made such a vehicle with no engine lag or with so much of power. The car the organization made is very powerful and very sporty and that throws the initial challenge to the rival organizations already present in the market, although they are very loosely into the electric car business. Thus, it can be said that, the organization has a very bright future in automobile industry and if everything goes right then they can probably become huge brand in no time References Al-Alawi, B. M., Bradley, T. H. (2013). Review of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicle market modeling studies.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,21, 190-203. Cherubini, S., Iasevoli, G., Michelini, L. (2015). Product-service systems in the electric car industry: critical success factors in marketing.Journal of Cleaner Production,97, 40-49. Daziano, R. A. (2013). Conditional-logit Bayes estimators for consumer valuation of electric vehicle driving range.Resource and Energy Economics,35(3), 429-450. Daziano, R. A., Chiew, E. (2012). Electric vehicles rising from the dead: data needs for forecasting consumer response toward sustainable energy sources in personal transportation.Energy Policy,51, 876-894. Dill, J., Rose, G. (2012). Electric bikes and transportation policy: Insights from early adopters.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2314), 1-6. Driscoll, A., Lyons, S., Mariuzzo, F., Tol, R. S. (2013). Simulating demand for electric vehicles using revealed preference data.Energy policy,62, 686-696. Dumortier, J., Siddiki, S., Carley, S., Cisney, J., Krause, R. M., Lane, B. W., ... Graham, J. D. (2015). Effects of providing total cost of ownership information on consumers intent to purchase a hybrid or plug-in electric vehicle.Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice,72, 71-86. Erjavec, J. (2012).Hybrid, electric, and fuel-cell vehicles. Cengage Learning. Frieske, B., Kloetzke, M., Mauser, F. (2013, November). Trends in vehicle concept and key technology development for hybrid and battery electric vehicles. InElectric Vehicle Symposium and Exhibition (EVS27), 2013 World(pp. 1-12). IEEE. Hutchinson, T., Burgess, S., Herrmann, G. (2014). Current hybrid-electric powertrain architectures: Applying empirical design data to life cycle assessment and whole-life cost analysis.Applied Energy,119, 314-329. Iushkina, D. (2016). koda's Marketing Strategy of Penetration the Czech Market with Electric Cars. Jamal, Z. B. (2014, October). Cross-cultural impact on marketing strategies: A study on automobile industry. InInternational Conference on Business, Law and Corporate Social Responsibility. Ou, S., Lin, Z., Wu, Z., Zheng, J., Lyu, R., Przesmitzki, S. V., He, X. (2017).A Study of China s Explosive Growth in the Plug-in Electric Vehicle Market(No. ORNL/TM-2016/750). Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). National Transportation Research Center (NTRC). Park, J., Rast, J., MacDoughall, T., Nitti, B., Sinton, D., Geissler, A., Roseli, K. L. (2014). Marketing Plan for Tesla Motors Model S. Sierzchula, W., Bakker, S., Maat, K., Van Wee, B. (2012). The competitive environment of electric vehicles: An analysis of prototype and production models.Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions,2, 49-65. Tyagi, H. (2013). Emerging Strategies of Green Marketing in India.Bookman International Journal of Accounts, Economics Business Management,2(2), 45-50.

The Ancient Art Of Feng Shui Essays - Taoist Cosmology, Divination

The Ancient Art Of Feng Shui The Ancient Art of Feng Shui The History of Feng Shui Feng Shui has been practiced in China for thousands of years and is believed to have started in 2953 B.C. when Hu of Hsia found a tortoise that had a perfect magic square on its back. From this discovery evolved the I Ching, the oldest book in Chinese history, and possibly the world (Webster 1). This book contains the first written instructions on the theory of Feng Shui. Feng Shui was seen as a sacred power, so much so that in ancient China, only the privileged class had access to the knowledge. There are even stories of members of the Imperial family who went out of their way to obscure the texts in order to prevent those who might be a threat to them from obtaining the sacred knowledge. The first Ming emperor even ordered that the country be flooded with books containing misleading theories and incorrect guidelines on Feng Shui (Too 2). When Chiang Kai Shek fled the mainland he took thousands of books on Feng Shui with him to Taiwan and used its principles in building a regime the re. From there it traveled to Hong Kong and eventually to the Western World through Marco Polo (Cassidy). Modern Feng Shui is based on the commentaries from Wang Chi and other scholars from the Sung dynasty, 1126-960 B.C. (Webster 3). What is Feng Shui? Feng Shui is the ancient Chinese art of living in harmony with nature and your surroundings, in order to maximize your health, prosperity and luck. It literally translates as wind and water and it involves the placement of buildings in relation to their surroundings, and the placement of furniture within the building in order to maximize the chi, the original energy source on the earth, from which everything else was created (Webster 4). As the dragon is seen as the most revered celestial creature of Chinese philosophy, chi has been called the breath of the dragon. Chi is an invisible energy that circulates throughout the world but also gathers in certain areas. The basic idea of Feng Shui is to harness as much chi as possible by allowing it to gather where you are, whether it is in your home or in your office. Chi is the life force that is all living things, and can be found, in its perfection wherever things are done perfectly. An artist who creates a masterpiece is creating chi. T hrough Feng Shui, we are looking for places where chi is accumulated or where it is formed. For example, chi is scattered by strong winds, so a windy location is not a good source of chi. However, chi is bound by water, so a location near water is full of the accumulated life force. According to Feng Shui mythology, the first time that chi moved it created yang, the male principle, and when it rested, it created yin, the female principle. After these very important creations chi then created the rest of the universe. The theory of the yin and the yang are of vital importance to Feng Shui (Webster 6). Yin and Yang Yin and yang are the two opposing energies involved with Feng Shui and neither one can survive without the other. In fact nothing is completely yin or completely yang, everything is a combination of both energies. This is illustrated is the popular yin yang symbol in which a small circle of black is located in the large white shape and a small white circle is inside the black (Feng Shui Society). This symbol is called the Taichi symbol of completeness due to its perfect balance of the yin and the yang. Together, yin and yang make up Tao, the way. The entire universe is made up of yin and yang energies constantly interacting with each other, and perfect harmony is established through a perfect balance. Since chi is the life force and it created the yin and yang, neither yin nor yang can be evil or good. They just are (Webster 7). It is only when you have an unbalanced amount of the two that your chi become negatively affected. According to Feng Shui, mountains, hills

85 Synonyms for House

85 Synonyms for House 85 Synonyms for â€Å"House† 85 Synonyms for â€Å"House† By Mark Nichol An extensive vocabulary exists to describe all the possible variations in the structures in which humans live. This list, which omits most terms of foreign origin and includes temporary and mobile living spaces, includes definitions of many such words to help writers distinguish between them: 1. Abode: Any living space; often used jocularly in a mock-formal tone. 2. Apartment: A living space consisting of one or more rooms in a building or a building complex with at least a few such units. 3. Billet: Quarters in a private home assigned to a member of the military order by an official order (also called a billet), or, informally, living quarters. 4. Boardinghouse: A house that provides room and board (a private or shared room and meals). 5. Bungalow: A small one- or one-and-a-half-story house. 6. Cabin: Originally, a small, crudely constructed one-story dwelling; now, often refers to a vacation home that may be quite large and complex. 7. Caravan: A British English synonym for trailer (see below), in an extension of the sense of a file of vehicles, based on the original meaning of a train of pack animals. 8. Casita: A small house. 9. Castle: Originally, a fortified structure that often served as a dwelling for a nobleman and his family and retainers, now used figuratively for a large, imposing house. 10. Chalet: A characteristic type of house in Switzerland, by extension any similar house; also refers to an Alpine herdsman’s hut. 11. Chateau: A large rural house; also refers to a wine-country estate. 12. Condominium: A unit in an apartment building or a town house complex that is individually owned rather than rented. 13. Cottage: Originally, a small country house (though some cottages were and are not necessarily small), either for vacation use or permanent residence. 14. Countryseat: A country house. 15-16. Digs/diggings: Originally slang referring to student lodgings, now informally referring to any living space. 17. Domicile: A formal term for any place of residence. 18. Double-wide: A mobile home (see below) twice the standard width of a trailer. 19. Duplex: A building with living spaces for two separate residents or groups of residents. 20. Dwelling: A place where one lives. 21. Estate: A piece of land, generally with a large house on it. 22. Farmhouse: A house on a current or onetime farm. 23. Flat: A one-floor apartment. 24. Grange: A farmhouse, but generally refers to the farm itself rather than the living space. 25. Habitation: A living space. 26. Hacienda: A large estate or plantation (see below). 27. Hall: A castle (see above); later, a manor house (see below). 28. Hermitage: A residence or vacation home in a secluded place. 29. Home: A place where one lives, though it also has a qualitative association of the domestic dynamics as opposed to the structure in which people live. 30. Homestead: A home and its adjoining land; also, in the United States, specifically a plot of 160 acres. 31-32. Hooch/hootch: See hut, below. 33. House: A place where one lives, as distinguished from a multiunit building. 34. House trailer: A trailer large enough to serve as a permanent living space, rather than one designed for travel. 35. Houseboat: A boat designed with a superstructure similar to that of a small house, as opposed to a cabin cruiser, which has an interior set into the hull. Some houseboats are navigable, while others are merely floating houses. (Interesting side note: Houseboats are nothing new; the word goes back more than 200 years.) 36. Hovel: A small, often poorly built and squalid house. 37-38. Hut/hutment: A small, simply constructed, and perhaps temporary living space; the latter word may also refer to a collection of huts. 39. Hutch: See hut, above. 40. Lodgement: A place for accommodations. 41. Lodgings: One or more rooms rented as a living space. 42. Lodging house: A house or other building providing living spaces. 43. Manufactured home: See â€Å"mobile home,† below. 44-45. Manor: The house or hall of an estate; also refers to the estate itself; also called a manor house. 46. Manse: A Presbyterian minister’s house provided by a church; also a secular synonym for mansion (see below). 47. Mansion: A large, opulent house. 48. McMansion: A pejorative slang term for a generically unattractive, ostentatious large house. 49. Mobile home: A trailer intended as a permanent, fixed living space. 50. Modular home: A house assembled in sections in a factory and assembled on the building site. 51. Motor home: A large vehicle designed as living quarters; not to be confused with a mobile home (see above). 52. Pad: Living quarters. 53. Palace: A large, elegant house; also, the residence of a monarch or a government leader, and in British English an archbishop or bishop’s official residence. 54. Parsonage: A pastor’s house provided by a church. 55-56. Pension: Hotel or boardinghouse accommodations on the European continent; a building for such purposes is called a pensione. 57. Penthouse: A rooftop structure or living space; also, a shed or an annex. 58. Plantation: An agricultural estate, though the term may refer to the main house on the property. 59. Prefabricated home: See â€Å"modular home,† above. 60. Quarters: One or more areas set aside as living space. 61. Railroad flat: An apartment having a series of rooms arranged in a line. 62. Ranch house: A one-story house typically with a low-pitched roof. 63. Recreational vehicle: See â€Å"motor home,† above. 64. Rectory: A rector or parish priest’s house provided by a church. 65. Residence: Any living space. 66. Rooming house: A house where accommodations are available for rent. 67. Saltbox: A house with a long, rear-sloping roof in back that provides room for two stories in front but only one in back. 68. Shack: See hut, above. 69. Shanty: See hut, above. 70-72. Shotgun house: A house in which the rooms are arranged in a line; also called a shotgun cottage or shotgun shack. 73. Split level: A house with separate levels set off from each other. 74. Suite: A living space consisting of a set of rooms. 75-76. Tenement: Broadly, any living space, but in practical usage an apartment building of low-quality construction; also called a tenement house. 77-79. Town house: A two- or three-story house often connected to one or more similar living spaces; also called a row house or a townhome. The term also can refer to a house in town, especially a city residence of a household that lives primarily in a house in the country. 80. Tract house: One of a collection of similar-looking houses built a particular tract, or plot, of land. 81. Trailer: A mobile structure designed to be towed by a vehicle and used as a temporary living space. 82. Triplex: A building with living spaces for three separate residents or groups of residents. 83. Vicarage: A house for a vicar provided by a church. 84. Villa: A large rural or suburban house; also, in British English, an urban house with a yard that may be connected to other identical living spaces. 85. Walk-up: A multistory apartment building with no elevator, or an apartment in the structure. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyRound vs. AroundHow to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... and Your CEO

Assonance Definition and Examples

Assonance Definition and Examples Assonance is the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds in neighboring words (as in fish and chips and bad man). Adjective: assonant. Assonance is a method of achieving emphasis and cohesion in a short stretch of text. Assonance is closely associated with internal rhyme. However, assonance differs from rhyme in that rhyme usually involves both vowel and consonant sounds. EtymologyFrom the Latin, sound Examples of Assonance If I bleat when I speak its because I just got . . . fleeced.(Al Swearengen in Deadwood, 2004)A heart no bigger than an orange seed has ceased to beat.(James Salter, Am Strande von Tanger. Collected Stories. Pan Macmillan, 2013)It beats . . . as it sweeps . . . as it cleans!(advertising slogan for Hoover vacuum cleaners, 1950s)Those images that yetFresh images beget,That dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented sea.(W.B. Yeats, Byzantium)He was soon borne away by the waves, and lost in darkness and distance.(Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, 1818)He diagnosed Camillas difficulty as indigestion, and locked himself in his cabin.(William Gaddis, The Recognitions. Harcourt Brace Company, 1955)Soft language issued from their spitless lips as they swished in low circles round and round the field, winding hither and thither through the weeds, dragging their long tails amid the rattling canisters.(James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 1916)The spider skins lie on their sides, translucent a nd ragged, their legs drying in knots.(Annie Dillard, Holy the Firm, 1977) Flash with a rash gimme my cash flickin my ashRunnin with my money, son, go out with a blast.(Busta Rhymes, Gimme Some More, 1998)The law may not change the heart, but it can restrain the heartless.(Martin Luther King, Jr., address to the National Press Club on July 19, 1962)But at supper that evening when I asked him to  pass the damn ham, please, Uncle Jack pointed at me. See me afterwards, young lady, he said.(Harper Lee,  To Kill a Mockingbird, 1960)Do not go gentle into that good night,Old age should burn and rave at close of day;Rage, rage, against the dying of the light. . . .Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sightBlind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,Rage, rage against the dying of the light.(Dylan Thomas, Do not go gentle into that good night)The setting sun was licking the hard bright machine like some great invisible beast on its knees.(John Hawkes, Death, Sleep, and the Traveler, 1974)I must confess that in my quest I felt depressed and restless.(T hin Lizzy, With Love) I call her a ghastly girl because she was a ghastly girl. . . . A droopy, soupy, sentimental exhibit, with melting eyes and a cooing voice and the most extraordinary views on such things as stars and rabbits.(P.G. Wodehouse, The Code of the Woosters, 1938)In the over-mastering loneliness of that moment, his whole life seemed to him nothing but vanity.(Robert Penn Warren, Night Rider, 1939)A lanky, six-foot, pale boy with an active Adams apple, ogling Lo and her orange-brown bare midriff, which I kissed five minutes later, Jack.(Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita, 1955)Strips of tinfoil winking like people(Sylvia Plath, The Bee Meeting)The moon, like a flowerIn heavens high bower,With silent delight,Sits and smiles on the night.(William Blake, Night. Songs of Innocence, 1789) Observations Assonance, (or medial rime) is the agreement in the vowel sounds of two or more words, when the consonant sounds preceding and following these vowels do not agree. Thus, strike and grind, hat and man, rime with each other according to the laws of assonance.(J.W. Bright, Elements of English Versification, 1910)Beware of excessive assonance. Any assonance that draws attention to itself is excessive.(John Earle, A Simple Grammar of English, 1898)The terms alliteration, assonance, and rhyme identify kinds of recurring sound that in practice are often freely mixed together. . . . It may not be easy or useful to decide where one stops and another starts.(Tom McArthur, The Oxford Companion to the English Language, 1992)Rhyme, alliteration, assonance, and consonance combined often produce tongue-twisting linguistics. Big Punishers Twinz includes this couplet . . .: Dead in the middle of little Italy / Little did we know that we riddled a middle man who didnt know diddly. . . . Keying in on a single sound, he runs a staggering series of rhyme variations (middle, little, riddled, middle, diddly), which he further builds upon with consonance (d) and assonance (i) and alliteration (d and l). This is what happens when a poet is in complete control of his rhymes.(Adam Bradley, Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip Hop. BasicCivitas, 2009) Pronunciation: ASS-a-nins Also Known As: medial rhyme (or rime), inexact rhyme

Management Research Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Research Project - Assignment Example The latter finally leads to work life balance problems. Individuals and organizations should identify the stressors in workplace and design amicable solutions to combat the issue. If there is an early address on potential stressors, individuals and organizations can alleviate the negative effects associated with stress. To handle the menace well, employees need to identify signs and possible stressors (Adair, 2009). On the other hand, managers need awareness on the effects of stress to employees and general performance of the company in terms of output. It is necessary as an individual to learn how to keep away from stress, as it is also necessary for employers. Tesco is well-structured company with a large number of workforces and offers a suitable platform of the research. Tesco is company with UK origin that began in 1919 started by Jack Cohen a market stallholder selling groceries in London. After merging with T.E Stockwell, Tesco first opened the store in 1929. Since then, the company has expanded extensively across the world and has over 2,200 stores including Tesco Express and hypermarkets to meet customers’ requirements. Tesco is one of the largest British retailers and in the world list; it is one of the leading retail outlets. Tesco has a workforce of over 468,000 that offer the platform for this research. In a move to support its growth attributed to its staffs, the company ensures the staffs are in a sober condition. The company achieves their goal through motivation, training, and ensuring the staffs have the spirit of meeting customers’ needs. It motivates the employees through increasing their skills, knowledge, and job satisfaction through training and development programs (Kinder et al., 2008). Stress in the workplace can be damaging to organizational goals if not well-handled and addressed. Thus, for managers, it is

Pacific Norh West History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pacific Norh West History - Essay Example After the USA purchased Louisiana they were interested in expanding to the West Coast, but as there was uncertainty about what exactly they would be buying, President Thomas Jefferson decided to fund and expedition. The president had first heard about plans of an expedition to explore the Pacific North West whilst he was in France, but he had not believed it possible and because of bad weather, the expedition was called off. Captain Meriwether Lewis was chosen to lead the expedition and he in turn chose William Clark as his partner. The purpose of the expedition was to study the Indian tribes, botany, geology and the types of wildlife that existed in the Western Region as well as see what kind of interference the Canadian, French and British hunters, who were already established in the area, would hold for them. The Lewis and Clark expedition left from Pittsburg with eleven men; seven of which were soldiers and one a pilot. All of the men had volunteered to go with Lewis and Clark on their expedition and so they set out to the Pacific Ocean. On May 14, 1804 the Lewis and Clark expedition set off up to the Missouri River and on July 4, 1804 Lewis and Clark named a river located near the city of Atchinson Independence Creek and this day is now known in America as Independence day. It was on October 24, 1804 that the Lewis and Clark expedition reached its first goal where they spent the winter at the Mandan-Hidatsa villages which is now known as North Dakota. American Indian Villages were located at this location and on the Northern Plains they were the main trading centers. The Indian tribes allowed for the explorers to build a small fort, which they named Fort Mandan and they lived there for five months through a terribly cold winter. This allowed for Lewis and Clark to explore the area and learn about the wildlife and geography form their

Curbing Grade Inflation Essay Example for Free

Curbing Grade Inflation Essay Grade inflation takes place when students are given a higher grade than what they actually deserved in order to address the declining expectations and diminishing educational standards. The phenomenon of grade inflation is observable in the current trends in grading, which is mostly given by private colleges and universities. Grade inflation suggests that the terminology used in grading no longer reflects the reality, especially when it comes to the performance of students. As a result, the efforts of students who actually work hard and have exceptional capabilities are being undermined. In addition, grade inflation also affects the proper assessment of students, as it does not reflect the real grades that they deserve. Being the case, Princeton University decided to implement a policy that will limit professors in giving the grade of A among students per department. However, the aforementioned policy is questioned regarding its effectiveness and also the way by which it can contribute to the greater good for the greater number of people. Grade inflation should be stopped because of the disadvantageous effects that it has among students and the educational institutions and also in the society as a whole. The utilitarian principle gives utmost emphasis for the greater good of the most number of people. Grade inflation does not merely affect one individual or student but rather its ill effects are reflected upon the whole educational institution and the society. In terms of the educational institution, since grade inflation is used in order to give students higher grade than what they deserve, the real problem of diminishing educational standards of different colleges and universities is not properly addressed. Grade inflation gives a false facade that students are doing well, which reflect that the educational standards are also efficient. Due to this, the problems within the educational institutions is not properly identified and solved. In the same manner, the society as a whole is also affected by grade inflation. The primary reason as to why education is given importance in almost any state is because of the reason that educated individuals become more productive citizens in the society. Quality education allows them to properly hone their skills and capabilities, which will enable them to find good jobs and contribute substantially to the society. Rule utilitarianism asserts that the creation and implementation of rules bring about the greater good for the most number of people. As such, grade inflation should be stopped because it adversely affects numerous people and this societal problem can be addressed through the implementation of rules. However, the policy implemented by Princeton University in order to deal with the problem of grade inflation is not the proper way in order to address the problem. Based on the rule utilitarianism, it is better to have a rule than no rule at all because its presence will bring about a greater good rather than the absence of it. In application with the policy of Princeton University, their way of solving grade inflation does not benefit the majority of the students because only a minimal number of students have the possibility to be given a grade of A. As a result, many students will have to compete with the minimum number of times that the professor can given a grade of A. Due to this, there are chances that excellent students have to settle for a lower grade because professors have to limit giving students an excellent grade. In addition to this, added pressure is given for students in order to get excellent grades, which is not necessarily advantageous for their educational learning. Moreover, since many Ivy League universities have not yet applied the same grading policy as Princeton University, there will be instances wherein students coming from Princeton University will have a lower GPA as compared from students from other schools. The low GPA of students from Princeton University can adversely affect their chances of getting competitive jobs and also lessen their chances in being accepted in graduate school. The grading policy of Princeton University is only advantageous for those students who will get an excellent grade, which is minority of the student population because giving a grade of A is only limited. Furthermore, rule utilitarianism also points out that there is no sense in keeping a rule if a better rule will bring about greater good. In the case of the grading policy of Princeton University, there are better policies that can be applied, which can address grade inflation without undermining the good of the majority of the students. One possible way is by enhancing assessment tools that measures the ability of students through objective means, which will assure or even lessen the subjectivity of professors. The grading policy of Princeton University is not a good rule based on the standard of rule utilitarianism because it does not promote greater good. Majority of the students are adversely affected by this policy. It is not wrong to give value to the hard work and excellent skills of minority students but it should not be at the expense of the majority because doing so no longer promote greater good for the greater number of people.

text comparison :: essays research papers

I chose to compare the Martini chapter, which I will refer to as â€Å"Martini,† to â€Å"Human Anatomy† by Kent Van De Graaff, which I will refer to as â€Å"Graaff.† The chapter being compared in both texts is the reproductive system. Graaff decided to separate the male and female reproductive systems into two chapters, which didn’t help or hurt the content. Both texts provided very good information, and both had their good and not so good aspects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The opening pages of both texts look very similar and provide a lot of the same material. Both provided a very clear and precise diagram of the male reproductive system, however, Martini provided a stepwise diagram of the decent of the testes, which Graaff did not. Both texts used very clear and accurate pictures of actual cells such as the testes and other various structures of the reproductive system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both texts use a diagram to help visualize the processes of meiosis and mitosis; however, I found the diagram used by Martini to me easier to understand. The diagram used by Graaff tried to keep the DNA structures inside a cell which made it more difficult to see each DNA strand, and hence see what happens to it at each stage of division. Martini also provided pictures of spermatozoon structures, which Graaff did not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I found no significant difference in the quality of information presented about the male reproductive system in either text. Each seemed to give a clear, and concise explanation of each accessory structure. For example, in Martini, even the smaller structures like the ductus deferens and accessory glands were given attention, and even a whole page of diagram, and also a section devoted to hormones and their functions in the male reproductive system gave very accurate information about the role of FSH in spermatogenesis, and LH in androgen production. Graaff did a very nice job at explaining endocrine functions of the testes, and it also gave a nice table giving the actions of androgens in the male.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Toward the end of the male reproductive section, Graff had a clinical considerations section which gave a very short, but informative description of various sexual dysfunctions in males, and developmental problems that can sometimes alter the male reproductive system. Also after this section there is a nice developmental exposition section, which covers formation of male reproductive organs from embryonic development through to the decent of the testes.

A Civil Action Movie Notes Essay

Dead child worth least of all Schlichtmann received a call from Anne Anderson because her son died 12 deaths from leukemia >> 8 are children Water from two city wells are contaminated by TCE Case was kicked from firm to firm It’s a hard case because it is most likely unproven Apology from â€Å"who?† >> the defendant is sure to have some professionals >> case might not be winnable Beatrice and WR Grace are the perpetrators Lawsuits begin with the complaint Will Cheeseman: lawyer for WR Grace Jerome Facher: lawyer for Beatrice Charges in the complaint: negligence, conscious pain and suffering, wrongful death Rule 11: civil law suits Facher: knock a guy down, knock him in a way that he can’t get up again â€Å"it’s about this†¦-showing pictures of little kids- Walter J. Skinner: judge MOTION: cheesman (motion to dismiss): schmn. Had no evidence >> no real investigation >> no research RULE 11 is a nonissue because it’s so old Team of geologist and engineers are needed to show if the wells are actually contaminated 6 barrels were found in the back, in a pit Solvent†¦in barrels They get dumped out back, in the ground (witness) Immune system of kids: tore down to nothing He was doing well, and he looked fine†¦it was abrupt Facher: â€Å"these people can never testify† Silicon and TCE are used to waterproof leather Silicon is poured on†¦so some of the spill will fall off of the ground 50 more barrels that city inspector didn’t find â€Å"dump it out there in the gulley† Or dump it in a ditch Pour it into a pit Dump it into the swimming pool Lawsuit: compel the others to settle Schmann wants 25 mil cash†¦and another 25 mil to establish a research foundation to establish link between chemicals and illness†¦1.5 mil annually for families for 30 years Facher claims that Schmnn wants money Geological evidence has to come first; there needs to be proof that the chemicals reach the wells first before the parents of victims can testify The questions were confusing Facher offer a 20 mil settlement for Beatrice WR Grace: Yes on Q1 Beatrice: No on all questions >> case has ended for them Grace offer 8 million >> Schmnn said that he owed the families more than that 375 K per family The companies aren’t going to clean up the place Anne was not interested in money >> she still wanted the apology >> she said that he said that they apologized with their checkbooks >> Schmnn said sorry, but Anne said it was not meaningful The families even lost more that the lawyers Dump trucks full of scraps >> kids playing with fire†¦the water went up in flames Riley told the worker to keep his mouth shut with Celtic tickets APPEAL Judge Skinner found that John Riley deliberately concealed evidence at the trial. His tanner was torn down in 1990. WR Grace was indicted by the Grand Jury for making false statements to the EPA regarding its use of TCE, acetone, and toluene. The company pleaded no contest to the acetone charge. Its Woburn plant was closed in 1990 Two companies paid 69.4 mil to clean up

Women Past and Present

Women Past and Present During the 20th century, women in general was limited, however women are now in a much better position than before. We, as women, especially those of us who live in liberal parts of the world, often take for granted the rights and benefits, which we have. We forget that in other times, women were not considered to be equal to their male counterparts; they were considered to be helpless subordinates to the men with whom they lived. Though we do not often consider it, we owe much of these everyday freedoms to women of the past, who struggled and pushed for equal rights and recognition.Their determination helped us gain increased education, economic status, and political rights, among other things. In the colonial times, the Colonial women’s role in the family was the keeper of the home, and that was all she was really allowed. She made the family’s clothes, she provided a home cooked meal, and took care of the children, all of this by herself until the female children were old enough to be of use. She could do nothing for her sons, they were to be submissive on the farther, or be apprenticed out. She was, in fact, her husbands slave.Women were seen as weak human beings. They were not allowed to have other aspirations. She had no say in anything that went on; she could only follow her husband’s commandments. This male dominated society dictates that women be inoffensive and obedient and is financially dependent of the husband. Woman’s role was strictly limited to home and family. As for the question of free time, what free time? If they by chance had any, they usually baked, or got some mending done or make candles. Basically, more tasks. â€Å"Idle hands are the devil’s tools,† is what they were encouraged to believe.During the nineteenth century, women were viewed as homemakers, not able to perform in society with men. They were degraded by men to believe that they were worth almost nothing, only w orthy of bearing children. This superfluous male domination lead too many women feeling trapped in their own homes, unable to escape from the confinements placed on them by their husbands. However things did change, women started working outside of their home. Besides farm work, their jobs were mainly in traditional women’s fields such as teaching, nursing, and domestic service.Textile mills and clothing factories are traditional employers of women. They worked in these factories and war-related industries while World War II was being fought, and many of them enjoyed the opportunity to work outside the home. By the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century improvements aided in giving women more rights, and educational and occupational opportunities. The growth of commercial laundries and expanding production of clothing, processed foods, and other household items relieved women of many tasks and created hundreds of jobs for them outside the hom e.Manufacturing, retail and wholesale trade, banking, and services grew rapidly in the early 20th century. The success of many of these ventures depended on women. Middle-class women had it much easier than lower class women. More opportunities, more advancement, and more respect. When they did accept women the numbers were limited because women lacked the education to be prepared for any type of higher learning. Other women found jobs in rudimentary school teaching, managing clubs for poor youth, poor young women and schools for infants.Women during this time were beginning to see that not only did they belong in the home, but they could also find a role in the workplace. Today, women study subjects of personal interest, they seek degrees that match their talents and aspirations. Once they began to go to college, they began to challenge society’s expectations as well as their personal experiences. The major detonator of the women’s movement was education, changing the woman’s role in society from passive to an active and vital force. Once women began receiving higher education, there was no turning back.Occupations were limited but women began to filter into the male-dominated world. Before this time women were uneducated and not capable to vote. A four-year college education is likewise common as women go to earn their master’s degree and PhD. Yet, for women in the workforce, there are still many cases where barriers exist that may limit their chances of earning that promotion. They still have a hard time with power and they have a harder time keeping power. In the long run, women became activists pushing for the rights and eventually succeeded.They have much more freedom and equality now, thanks to the women who pushed for equal rights, and it was slowly realized that females have the same capabilities to think and have responsibilities as men. Women today are postponing the role of motherhood and are concentrating more on their careers. If there are any needs that needs to be fulfilled in a woman’s life, this is it; well paying job, being on the executive level and prove that we can also be female dominators. Women in today’s society are focused more on independence.

Memorable Quotes of Leo Tolstoy Quotes

Memorable Quotes of Leo Tolstoy Quotes Russian novelist Leo Tolstoy is one of the most famous writers in world literature. He penned many famous and lengthy tales such as War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Here are a few quotes from his personal and professional works. A man can live and be healthy without killing animals for food; therefore, if he eats meat, he participates in taking animal life merely for the sake of his appetite.- Leo Tolstoy, On Civil DisobedienceAll happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. - Leo Tolstoy All violence consists in some people forcing others, under threat of suffering or death, to do what they do not want to do.- Leo Tolstoy, Anna KareninaAll, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love.- Leo TolstoyAnd all people live, Not by reason of any care they have for themselves, But by the love for them that is in other people.- Leo TolstoyArt is a microscope which the artist fixes on the secrets of his soul, and shows to people these secrets which are common to all.- Leo Tolstoy, Diary entryArt is not a handicraft, it is the transmission of feeling the artist has experienced.- Leo Tolstoy, What is Art?Art lifts man from his personal life into the universal lif e.- Leo Tolstoy, What is Art? At the approach of danger there are always two voices that speak with equal force in the heart of man: one very reasonably tells the man to consider the nature of the danger and the means of avoiding it; the other even more reasonable says that it is too painful and harassing to think of the danger, since it is not a mans power to provide for everything and escape from the general march of events; and that it is, therefore, better to turn aside from the painful subject till it has come, and to think of what is pleasant. In solitude a man generally yields to the first voice; in society to the second.- Leo Tolstoy, War and PeaceBoredom: the desire for desires.- Leo TolstoyEven in the valley of the shadow of death, two and two do not make six.- Leo TolstoyEveryone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.- Leo TolstoyFaith is the sense of life, that sense by virtue of which man does not destroy himself, but continues to live on. It is the force whereby we live .- Leo Tolstoy God is that infinite All of which man knows himself to be a finite part.- Leo Tolstoy, Diary entryGovernment is an association of men who do violence to the rest of us.- Leo TolstoyGreat works of art are only great because they are accessible and comprehensible to everyone.- Leo Tolstoy, What is Art?He never chooses an opinion; he just wears whatever happens to be in style.- Leo TolstoyHistorians are like deaf people who go on answering questions that no one has asked them.- Leo TolstoyI sit on a mans back, choking him and making him carry me, and yet assure myself and others that I am very sorry for him and wish to ease his lot by all possible means - except by getting off his back.- Leo Tolstoy, What Then Must We Do?If a man aspires towards a righteous life, his first act of abstinence is from injury to animals.- Leo Tolstoy, The First StepIf so many men, so many minds, certainly so many hearts, so many kinds of love.- Leo TolstoyIf there existed no external means for dimming their consciences, one-half of the men would at once shoot themselves, because to live contrary to ones reason is a most intolerable state, and all men of our time are in such a state.- Leo Tolstoy If you want to be happy, be.- Leo TolstoyIn all history there is no war which was not hatched by the governments, the governments alone, independent of the interests of the people, to whom war is always pernicious even when successful.- Leo TolstoyIn historical events great men-so-called-are but labels serving to give a name to the event, and like  labels  they have the least possible connection with the event itself. Every action of theirs, that seems to them an act of their own free will, is in  a historical  sense not free at all, but in bondage to the whole course of  previous  history, and predestined from all eternity.-  Leo Tolstoy,  War  and PeaceIn order to obtain and hold power, a man must love it.-  Leo Tolstoy,  The Kingdom of God Is Within YouIn the name of God, stop a moment, cease your work, look around you.-  Leo TolstoyIt is amazing how complete is the delusion that beauty is goodness.-  Leo Tolstoy  The Kreutzer SonataLife is everything. Life is God. Everything changes and moves and that movement is God. And while there is life there is joy in  consciousness  of the divine. To love life is to love God.-  Leo Tolstoy,  War  and Peace Man lives consciously for himself, but is an unconscious instrument in the attainment of the historic, universal, aims of humanity.-  Leo TolstoyMusic is the shorthand of emotion.-  Leo TolstoyNietzsche was stupid and abnormal.-  Leo TolstoyOne of the first conditions of happiness is that the link between Man and Nature shall not be broken.-  Leo TolstoyOur body is a machine for living. It is organized for that, it is its nature. Let life go on in it unhindered and let it defend itself.-  Leo TolstoyPure and complete sorrow is as impossible as pure and complete joy.-  Leo Tolstoy,  War  and PeaceReal art, like the wife of an affectionate husband, needs no ornaments. But counterfeit art, like a prostitute, must always be decked out. The cause of  production  of real art is the artists inner need to express a feeling that has accumulated, just as for a mother the cause of sexual conception is love. The cause of counterfeit art, as of prostitution, is gain. The conse quence of true art is the introduction of a new feeling into the intercourse of life, as the consequence of a wifes love is the birth of a new man into life. The consequences of counterfeit art are the perversion of man,  pleasure  which never satisfies, and the weakening of mans spiritual strength.-  Leo Tolstoy,  What is Art? Seize the moments of happiness, love and be loved! That is the only reality in the world, all else is folly.-  Leo Tolstoy,  War  and PeaceThe changes in our life must come from the impossibility to live otherwise than according to the demands of our conscience not from our mental resolution to try a new form of life.-  Leo TolstoyThe chief difference between words and deeds is that words are always intended for men for their approbation, but deeds can be done only for God.-  Leo TolstoyThe greater the state, the more wrong and cruel its patriotism, and the greater is the sum of suffering upon which its power is founded.-  Leo TolstoyThe law condemns and punishes only actions within certain definite and narrow limits; it thereby justifies, in a way, all similar actions that lie outside those limits.-  Leo TolstoyThe sole meaning of life is to serve humanity.-  Leo TolstoyThe strongest of all warriors are these two Time and Patience.-  Leo Tolstoy,  War  and Pea ceThe two most powerful warriors are patience and time.-  Leo Tolstoy There is no greatness where there is no simplicity,  goodness  and truth.-  Leo TolstoyTo say that a work of art is good, but incomprehensible to the majority of men, is the same as saying of some kind of food that it is very good but that most people cant eat it.-  Leo TolstoyTrue life is lived when tiny changes occur.-  Leo TolstoyTruth, like gold, is to be obtained not by its growth, but by washing away from it all that is not gold.-  Leo TolstoyWar is so unjust and ugly that all who wage it must try to stifle the voice of conscience within themselves.-  Leo TolstoyWar, on the other hand,  is such a terrible thing, that no man, especially a Christian man, has the right to assume the responsibility of starting it.-  Leo TolstoyWe lost because we told ourselves we lost.-  Leo Tolstoy,  War  and PeaceWe must not only cease our present desire for the growth of the state, but we must desire its decrease,  its  weakening.- Leo TolstoyWithout knowing what I am and why I am here, life is impossible.-  Leo Tolstoy,  Anna Karenina

How To Use the Spanish Preposition Hacia

How To Use the Spanish Preposition Hacia Hacia is a Spanish preposition typically meaning toward. It is usually used to indicate motion toward a person or object, although it can also be used to indicate a favorable attitude toward a person or object. Hacia is pronounced something like OSS-yah. It should not be confused with hacà ­a, a conjugated form of the verb hacer. Using Hacia To Indicate Motion Toward Here are examples of using hacia when referring to motion toward a person or thing. Although toward is the most common translation, other prepositions sometimes work as well. Los jovenes andaron hacia la direccià ³n del lago. (The youths walked in the direction of the lake.)Corrià ³ hacia el coche para tratar de sacar a su amigo, vivo y conciente. (He ran at the car in order to try to remove his friend, who was alive and conscious.)Girar hacia la izquierda y seguir hacia el oeste cinco millas. (Turn toward the left and keep on going toward the west for five miles.)Mi hermana empezà ³ a gatear hacia nuestro padre. (My sister began to crawl toward our father.) Hacia can be used with abajo, adelante, arriba, and atrs, respectively, to mean downward, forward, upward, and backward. Similarly, it can be used with points of the compass and other words to act as the equivalent of the English suffix -ward. Mover el cursor hacia adelante al final de la là ­nea. (Move the cursor forward to the end of the line.)La anaforia es la tendencia de los ojos a moverse hacia arriba cuando estn en reposo. (Anaphoria is the tendency for the eyes to move upward when they are at rest.)Los vientos ms fuertes del planeta avanzan hacia el este a una velocidad de 1.600 kilà ³metros por hora. (The planets strongest winds blow eastward at a speed of 1,600 kilometers per hour.) ¿Quà © pasarà ­a si un satà ©lite se dirigiera a toda velocidad hacia la Tierra? (What would happen if a satellite were directed earthward at full speed?) The motion can be figurative as well as literal: Viajamos hacia la libertad econà ³mica. (We are journeying toward economic liberty.)El mundo camina dormido hacia un desastre climtico. (The world is sleepwalking its way toward a climate disaster.)Con un ritmo enà ©rgico, â€Å"Un paso hacia la paz† es una cancià ³n llena de optimismo y esperanza. (With an energetic rhythm, â€Å"A Step Toward Peace† is a song full of optimism and hope.) Using Hacia for Direction Without Motion Use of hacia doesnt always indicate motion. It is used often with mirar and other verbs to indicate the direction someone is looking, either literally or figuratively. And it can also be used to indicate the existence of someone or something in a certain direction. Natalia mirà ³ hacia Mateo con un gesto de frustracià ³n. (Natalia looked toward Mateo with a look of frustration on her face.)La organizacià ³n mira hacia el futuro tras un aà ±o de cambio. (The organization is looking toward the future after a year of change.)Desde Atenas y hacia el norte hay trenes regulares diarios a muchas ciudades. (From Athens and toward the north there are regular daily trains to many cities.)En el camino hacia la escuela hay ruido y mucho trnsito. (On the road toward the school there is much noise and traffic.) Using Hacia for Expressing Attitudes Hacia can be used in expressing emotions or attitudes toward a person or thing: Tiene sentimientos ms profundos hacia ella, (He has very deep feelings for her.)El sondeo revelà ³ una disminucià ³n de la simpatà ­a popular hacia el corte. (The poll showed a loss of popular sympathy for the court.)Ms pruebas apuntan hacia los rebeldes. (More evidence is pointing to the rebels.)Es importante desarrollar actitudes positivas hacia la diversidad. (It is important to develop positive attitudes about diversity.) Using Hacia in Time Expressions Finally, hacia is sometimes used to express approximations of time: Llega en helicà ³ptero hacia las cinco de la maà ±ana para traer provisiones. (He arrives by helicopter at about 5 a.m. to bring provisions.)Fue construido hacia 1970. (It was built around 1970.)El tren llega hacia las 10 de la maà ±ana a Cajic. (The train arrives around 10 a.m. at Cajic.) Key Takeaways The Spanish preposition hacia is usually the equivalent of toward when it is used to indicate a direction of motion or attention.Hacia can also be used as the equivalent of the suffix -ward when used to indicate direction.Hacia is also used in referring to attitudes toward or about something.

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

Discussion - Assignment Example In the event of establishing customer satisfaction, the employees seemed accurate in delivering their obligations towards the clientele groups (8-6). The mode of efficiency, cross-cultural teamwork, and value-added approaches inscribed through training was serviceable as their practices matched the strategies of the organization. The group seemed to have the ability to gain new orientations, which when applied led to value propositions and customer satisfaction (9-12). The evaluation process and the performance appraisal plans undertaken on a quarterly and annual basis deciphered knowledge that the group was devoted to deliver their tasks in exchange of the set goals and objectives. Eventually, the employees deserved the top five rankings due to their unified approaches in performances. They revealed a level of aggression towards the implementation of sound decisions. The group gained the ability to respond to customer needs through researches with an aim of acquiring innovative alternatives. Customers revealed their satisfaction in the acquired services through the collected reviews (10-13). Lastly, the appraisal revealed that the top five personnel bore the desired experience and knowledge in their specific careers thus; they had the ability to react towards any challenges, monitor the customer segments, and implement the acquired skill gained in the training for the organization’s

Journal Article Review Factors Motivating College Students to Learn Essay

Journal Article Review Factors Motivating College Students to Learn - Essay Example Halawah’s (2011) journal entails works researched by diverse researchers and analysts. Nonetheless, I am not conversant with any of the establishments referenced in this work. From the compilations, I would contentedly argue that, a huge percentage of these authors have spent a lot of their time in the educational sector, by and large as educators in renowned universities. Brophy, one of the cited authors has also made a lot of contributions in making the work on ‘Enhancing Adult Motivation to Learn’ a successful and useful piece in the educational context. On the other hand, the article and textbook refer to two different works by the author. Other works by Halawah Halawah (2006) has published other works like ‘The impact of student-faculty informal interpersonal relationships on intellectual and personal development’ a college Student Journal besides the work on ‘Students’ motivation to learn from students’ perspective’, that focuses on conducting research on the contribution of students’ unofficial interpersonal relations on the development of learners’ intellectual and personal development. The work is a recent piece that was published in 2006; thus, useful in the study of learners and their development. Additionally, Halawah (2006) has yet another 2006 journal publication on ‘The effect of motivation, family environment, and student characteristics on academic achievement’, which aims at analyzing the impact of motivation, the learners’ home environment and the learner attributes on their academic achievement. Halawah (2005) is also the publisher of the work, ‘T he relationship between effective communication of high school principal and school climate’ of 2005. This work outlines the attributes of an effective and successful principal in a school setting. The key attribute emphasized in this article is the need for cultivating communication for a conducive learning environment. Research findings versus the results The research findings indeed follow logically from the findings as described in the article. The findings concur with the studies conducted on the 232 participants who took part in the study (Halawah, 2011). From the findings, it is evident that all the factors that contribute to motivation of the learners have been analyzed one by one. The concepts that relate to teacher personality and classroom management have been studied through the responses of the learners. For instance, the ability of the teacher to create a conducive environment to take place has been described in the findings with the mean standing at 4.6 for les sons well planned; thus, motivate learners. Results from the findings also include the teacher creating an open atmosphere for learning that motivates learners. Collaborative effort between teachers and the learners has also been described in the learning setting as an aspect that leads to motivation among the learners. Other aspects that relate to the learners have been discussed in the results section, like setting of considerable goals, increasing the esteem of learners, having a positive rapport with the learners amongst others are linked with the research conducted in the study. In this case, it is justified to argue that the research findings follow logically from the results discussed in the article. Sample selection The study conducted by Halawah

Implications of Cultural Tourism for Host Communities Essay

Implications of Cultural Tourism for Host Communities - Essay Example were and there are societies where the idea of tour is practically unknown. Generally speaking holidaymaking and travel has become an important social phenomenon in most societies today. Often modern tourism is based on the pseudo-event. Most tourists find pleasure in the stage-managed events. Often The English race has been inveterate travelers. However the motive for travel till the dawn of renaissance was usually pilgrimage, ecclesiastical business, diplomacy, or commerce. With the delightful discovery of antiquity, increasing numbers of young men were lured to the monuments of ancient Rome. The flowering of renaissance first came about in Italy and the humanist education at an Italian university, especially in Padua was the dream of many English gentlemen of resources. In spite of the cleavage of Christendom to Catholicism and Protestantism the inter course between nations continued and it produced profound results for England. Before the invention of package tours the most popular form of travel to Italy was by The Grand Tours. Watching the extant antiquity and the prevailing culture of the peninsula provided a finish of culture and style to the young man. The Grand Tour Travel as the finishing school of a cultured English gentleman is an idea that was in the British psyche for many years. Chaucer's Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, a bold attempt, to string a number of tales in the backdrop of a pilgrimage is a monumental document of the English predilection towards travel. The travel in which monk and friar, captain and doctor, cook and scholar rubbed shoulder in hilarious camaraderie presents colourful vignettes of medieval social life. Francis Bacon in his aphoristic essay, On Travel reflects on the salutary aspect of travel as one that enriches the mind and completes the education of a gentleman. The Grand Tour as it developed later seems to have accepted the guidelines set by Bacon. He has recommended in the 16th century itself that young men should go abroad under the guidance of a tutor. He has enumerated the items that the young man should look for in his travel and what they must avoid. The first sentence of the essay itself declares travel as the inseparable component of a gentleman's education. TRAVEL, in the younger sort, is a part of education, in the elder, a

The Playboy of the Western World Analysis

The Playboy of the Western World Analysis J.M. Synges highly controversial play The Playboy of the Western World exposed the middle-class Dublin audience to a different portrayal of Irish countryside life as opposed to the traditional idyllic image they were accustomed to. Synge strongly employs the element of satire in his play, implemented as a device to shock his conventional audience; the plays lack of morals would have offended the audience, so satire is also used to inject humour, creating a light-hearted tragicomedy. In pages 59 62 the presence of satire can be analysed in terms of satirising gender, religion and the presentation of rural Ireland, in addition to how satire is present throughout the entire play. Synge depicts Christy Mahon as a weak, frightened, young man at the beginning of the excerpt, whereas Pegeen is given a strong, almost masculine persona, protecting him from the Widows advances. When the Widow is introduced, the audience sees Christy clinging to Pegeen exclaiming Oh Glory! with Pegeen having to hurriedly give Christy his supper and usher him off to bed like a child. In this extract, the audience sees how Pegeen is given the protector role, exhibiting maternal instincts. In 1907, the satirising of gender roles shown with Synge giving more status to women than men would amuse the audience, as it conflicts with the traditional Irish patriarchal society. Christy is painted as the classic damsel-in-distress, with Pegeen having to fight the Widow, angrily telling her that she will not have him tormented, and he destroyed travelling since Tuesday was a week. Again it is evident that Christy is shying away from his expected male role, leaving Pegeen to defend him, amusing th e audience. When the Widow pulls Christy up, as theyd best be going, young fellow; so rise up and come with me, Pegeen retaliates by seizing his arm, insisting hell not stir. Christy has been compromised in terms of his masculinity; two women have physically placed their control over him, and Christy lacks the strength to disprove their control. This scene would have been very comedic, as not only are Pegeen and the Widow effectively having a brawl, a male associated activity, but Christy is helpless in the middle, like a female. Traditionally, it would have been the men who wooed the women, but Synge has ignored this, with Christy being rather violently wooed by Pegeen and the Widow, eliciting laughter from the audience, who would find the explicit use of satire highly amusing. Synge is presenting Christys essential emasculation, shown by reversing traditional gender roles. Later on in the play a mule race takes place; as D. P. Moran observes, the pursuit of physical-contact Gaelic games [was used as] an antidote to such emasculation. Christys partaking in the race shows how he used this opportunity to reassert his gender after feeling emasculated by Pegeen and the Widow. Throughout the excerpt from p.59-62, repeated references are made to religion, many in the form of Father Reilly, the local priest. Though he is not seen in the excerpt, his presence is acknowledged as he is partially why the Widow went to find Christy Mahon; when Pegeen asks her What ails you, or what is it youre wanting at this hour of the night? the Widow replies that she was after meeting Shawn Keogh and Father Reilly below, who told me of your curiosity man, and they fearing by this time he was roaring, romping on your hands with drink. The audience would not be surprised by Father Reillys attitudes, as in the 1900s Ireland was a devoutly Catholic nation, as Jane Abbottsmith explains The term Irish Irelander originated to characterize the true Irishman: Catholic and with Irish ancestry, learned in Irish folklore and competent in the speaking and reading of the Gaelic language. Abbottsmith continues to remark that it was the Irish peasants, who were the traditionally pious, Catho lic population that was well versed in Irish folklore. Though the 1900s audience would have expected the priests intervention, a modern audience would find it comedic how Pegeen being alone with Christy has prompted such a flustered reaction, suggesting Synges attitudes were ahead of his time. Irish society was devoutly religious, so the audience would have been surprised at how Father Reilly is the only religious character. The other characters do not seem to incorporate religion in their personas, shocking the audience. However, the only other character to be religious would cause offence: the Widow Quin remarks to Christ God save you mister! which is highly ironic as her intentions for him are far from holy. Seeing such a scandalized, predatory character using the Lords name would have undoubtedly offended the audience. The power of the Catholic Church is a running theme throughout the play, as Synge would be aware that his audience would compare what they see onstage to the Chur chs teachings. Therefore Synge has satirised religion to expose the absurdity of the extreme religious views in Ireland; a lack of religion in the other characters further show the audience how independent rural Ireland is from middle-class conventions. The portrayal of life in the Irish countryside was undoubtedly one of the main sources of controversy in the play. The middle class audience would have had the conception of rural Ireland employing a quiet, idyllic life however Synges play disproves this, county Mayo being the antithesis to their expectations. Christy is welcomed with open arms, despite the town knowing he murdered his father. As Adrian Fraser notes, The Playboy could be read as exploring a converse proposition: a communal willingness to absorb (even glorify) those who break the ultimate taboo against patricide. Christys glorification would greatly concern the audience, inducing outrage. By satirising countryside life, Synge was providing a social commentary on life in the isolated rural coast. However, Christy is later disgraced in the play, when the characters realise they have been deceived. When Pegeen tells of how the Widow supposedly murdered her husband, where she hit himself with a worn pick, and the rusted poison did corrode his blood the way he never overed it, and died after. That was a sneaky kind of murder did win small glory with the boys itself the audience would be shocked that such sin runs free in the countryside. As Fraser again writes, The Playboy of the Western World is a social satire of rural life that is fantastic, grotesque, and profound. At the plays conclusion, when Christy leaves Pegeen for his adventures, the audience would find humour at the contrast between their futures: Christy is off to live a life of excitement, whilst Pegeen is doomed to a fate of marrying Shawn and a dull life in County Mayo. The difference in their fates reinforces the plays status as a tragicomedy. Synge uses the element of satire in his play to expose to the middle class Dublin audience what life was like for the people of the countryside; the plays controversy stemmed from people disliking what they saw. By satirising gender roles, religion and the idyllic conception of Irish countryside life, Synge was effectively able to annul the pastoral sentiments felt towards them, illustrating to the middle class how independent rural Ireland was to the pretentious Dubliners. As Heidi Holder says Synge makes it quite clear to his audiences that their beloved image of the Irish country folk was a mere construction a construction eminently open to challenge, and it was precisely this dismantling of the distinctions between fiction and reality that was the source of Synges conflict with his audience.

Styles of Leadership Essay -- Leader Papers

Styles of Leadership Styles of leadership are neither inherently good nor inherently bad,despite the fact that one or another may become all the rage for a time.The best way to judge what leadership style is right for a particular company is to measure how consistent that style is with the owner's personality, the type of work being done, and the nature of the work force. While there are hundreds of subtle variations and scores of cute names for them, there are really only three primary leadership styles: the autocratic leader, the laissez-faire leader, and the democratic leader. The autocratic leader The most dictatorial leaders are the autocrats. There are the leaders knownaround the company as The Bosses. There are people who impose their will,take full responsibility for all decision making, and emphasize product over process. Autocratic leaders work best with a staff of people who are unwilling to make decisions, and are uninterested in demonstrating initiative. With a laser-like emphasis on results, autocratic leaders can produce reliable products of high quality in...

History of computing Essay

Way back in early history, when people relied mainly on their brains to perform calculations, people used their fingers, pebbles, and tally sticks for computing purposes. Various attempts were made to build general-purpose programmable computers from the same mechanical devices used in calculators. But the problems posed by the lack of technology at the time were not satisfactorily solved until the introduction of electronic computing techniques in the mid-20th century. Between Pascal’s invention and around 1820 there were about 25 manufacturers of calculating machines; most of them were the work of one man. Few of them worked correctly and even less actually reached the manufacturing line. In the mid-19th century Charles Babbage, a visionary British mathematician at Cambridge University, designed the first computers to perform multistep operations automatically. The technologies were entirely mechanical. He called this first computing machine the Difference Engine, and it was intended to compute and print mathematical tables automatically. The Difference Engine performed only one arithmetic operation: addition. Babbage constructed a small portion of his first Difference Engine in 1832, which served as a demonstration prototype. The first widely known general-purpose electronic computer was the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) that John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert built at the University of Pennsylvania. The primary motivation for the ENIAC was the need to construct ballistic tables for the U. S. Army. Work began on the ENIAC in 1943 and in 1946 it was completed. It was an enormous machine weighing about 30 tons and filling a 30 by 50 foot room. It contained 1,500 electromechanical relays and over 18,000 vacuum tubes and when it was switched on it consumed 150,000 watts of energy. Despite its enormous size it stored only the equivalent of 80 characters of information. However, it was substantially faster than any previous computer. The idea of storing programs and their data in the same high-speed memory – the stored-program concept – was first put forth by von Neumann in a publication entitled, â€Å"First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC† (Electronic Discrete Variable Computer). The IAS machine in its overall design is quite modern, and can be regarded as the prototype of most subsequent general-purpose computers. It had the general structure depicted in Figure 4. It had a CPU (Central Processing Unit) for executing instructions, a main memory for storing active programs, a secondary memory for backup storage, and miscellaneous input-output equipment. The IBM PC series was introduced in 1981 and quickly became the de facto standard for this class of machine. IBM made a smart decision by making the architecture of the PC open, meaning its design specifications were available to other manufacturers of computers and software. As a result of this decision the IBM PC became very popular and many versions of it, PC clones, were produced by others. Many other significant achievements have occurred in the PC era and continue to occur with the widespread use of the Internet and networked computers. Here are a few other notable historical achievements having to do with PC’s: o 1976 – The Cray 1 Supercomputer was the first commercially developed supercomputer. It contained 200,000 IC’s and was cooled by Freon. o 1977 – Apple II computer introduced. o 1979 – Commodore Pet released, with 1 MHz computing power, 8K RAM, cassette deck, and 9†³ monitor displaying monochrome text. o 1979 – The compact disk was invented. o 1982 – The TCP/IP network communications protocol was established and the â€Å"Internet† was formed as a connected set of networks using TCP/IP. o 1982 – Commodore 64 released, costing just i 595. o 1982 – Compaq releases their IBM PC compatible, the Compaq Portable. o 1983 – The IBM XT is released. This machine had a 10MB hard disk, 128KB of RAM, one floppy drive, a mono monitor, and a printer, all for i5000. What a bargain! o 1984 – Apple Macintosh released. o 1985 – Microsoft Windows launched, but not really widely used until version 3 in 1990. o 1987 – IBM introduced its PS/2 System which was very successful, selling over 2 million machines in less than 2 years. o 1989 – The World Wide Web (WWW) is invented by Tim Berners-Lee who saw the need for global information exchange that would allow physicists to collaborate on research. The Web was a result of the integration of hypertext and the Internet. Hyperlinked pages could not only provide information but could provide transparent access to other pages of information as well as other Internet facilities such as ftp, telnet, Gopher, WAIS, and USENET. The Web started out as a text-only interface but NCSA Mosaic, an early browser, later presented a graphical interface for it and its popularity exploded as it became accessible to the novice user. The explosion of the Web started in earnest during 1993 and in a single year Web traffic increased by 300,000%. o 1990 – Windows 3. 0 introduced by Microsoft. This graphical user interface OS offered true multi-tasking, meaning you could run multiple programs at the same time. o 1993 – The Pentium microprocessor released by Intel. It was only available at that time in 60 and 66 MHz versions. o 1995 – Windows 95 operating system released by Microsoft. o 1995 – Pentium Pro microprocessor released. o 1997 – Pentium MMX (166 and 200 MHz) released. o 1997 – Pentium II (233, 266, and 300 MHz) released. o 1998 – Windows 98 released. o 1999 – Linux, a free alternative operating system to Microsoft’s Windows, is estimated to be running on over 10 million computers worldwide.

Economic growth

Spending by the government on all nal goods and services. e. g. ages for government employees, the upkeep of military bases, the maintenance of Air Force One, the maintenance of roads and bridges This category includes government investments such as the maintenance/construction of roads. Does NOT include transfers of wealth such as Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment bene ts as they are already accounted for in Consumption. 14/ 31 Net exports: The di erence between total exports (to all other countries) and total imports (from all countries) to the U.S.. If this number is negative, the U. S. is importing more value than it is exporting, in what is called a trade de cit. If this number is positive, the U. S. is experiencing a trade surplus. Note that these values are in terms of the subject country's currency (U. S. dollars). We only consider net exports because 1) we do not want to double ount goods in the GDPs of other countries and 2) GDP is supposed to measure production i n the U. S.Splitting GDP – Factor Income Approach We can equivalently express this value in terms of how much agents in the U. S. receive for their goods or work. You can think of rms collecting revenue from the spending described in the national spending approach, and distributing it in the following way: Wages: Firms pay employees for their work Rent: Firms pay landowners and property owners rent Interest: Firms pay interest to the owners of the capital they are using Pro t: Any revenue that is left after the above payments are considered protThe sum of these yields GDP, as calculated using the factor income approach: Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Prot 16/31 Equivalence of National Spending and Factor Income Approaches The sum of all the spending in the U. S. doesn't quite equal the sum of all payments to factors of production, so we need to make a few adjustments: Sales taxes aren't re ected in the factor income approach, so we need to add that The national spending approa ch considers production that occurs before the depreciation of capital (i. e. machines wearing down), so this must be considered when using the factor income approach. 17/31 Economic growth Spending by the government on all nal goods and services. e. g. ages for government employees, the upkeep of military bases, the maintenance of Air Force One, the maintenance of roads and bridges This category includes government investments such as the maintenance/construction of roads. Does NOT include transfers of wealth such as Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment bene ts as they are already accounted for in Consumption. 14/ 31 Net exports: The di erence between total exports (to all other countries) and total imports (from all countries) to the U.S.. If this number is negative, the U. S. is importing more value than it is exporting, in what is called a trade de cit. If this number is positive, the U. S. is experiencing a trade surplus. Note that these values are in terms of the subject country's currency (U. S. dollars). We only consider net exports because 1) we do not want to double ount goods in the GDPs of other countries and 2) GDP is supposed to measure production i n the U. S.Splitting GDP – Factor Income Approach We can equivalently express this value in terms of how much agents in the U. S. receive for their goods or work. You can think of rms collecting revenue from the spending described in the national spending approach, and distributing it in the following way: Wages: Firms pay employees for their work Rent: Firms pay landowners and property owners rent Interest: Firms pay interest to the owners of the capital they are using Pro t: Any revenue that is left after the above payments are considered protThe sum of these yields GDP, as calculated using the factor income approach: Y = Wages + Rent + Interest + Prot 16/31 Equivalence of National Spending and Factor Income Approaches The sum of all the spending in the U. S. doesn't quite equal the sum of all payments to factors of production, so we need to make a few adjustments: Sales taxes aren't re ected in the factor income approach, so we need to add that The national spending approa ch considers production that occurs before the depreciation of capital (i. e. machines wearing down), so this must be considered when using the factor income approach. 17/31